Atomic Structure and Periodic Table - C1 and C2 Flashcards
What is filtration
It is a method used to separate substances, one which is soluble and the other is non-soluble
What is Crystallisation
Used to obtain salts from solutions, the solution is heated until crystallisation to evaporate the water
What is distillation
It is a method used to obtain a solvent from a soluble solid. The solvent is evaporated and then condensed and collected
What are miscible liquids
Liquids that dissolve in each other, mixing completely
what is fractional distillation
It is separating substances based on their boiling points
what is chromatography
Separating substances based on how well they dissolve
What was the evidence for electrons
JJ Thompson’s experiment on beams of particles
created the plum pudding model
What was evidence for the nucleus
Geiger’s experiment of firing positive charged particles at a sheet of gold
They proposed a positively charged nucleus in the middle
What was the evidence for electrons in shells
Bohr suggested electrons orbited the nucleus
What was evidence for neutrons
James Chadwick did an experiment proving the neutron in the nucleus
Who invented the periodic table
Mendeleev
What did Mendeleev do that was different
He left gaps for other elements that hadn’t been discovered yet
What is the atomic number
The number of electrons and protons in an element
What is the mass number
The number of protons and neutrons combined
What determined an elements position in the table
The atomic number
What determines the properties of an element
The number of electrons in the biggest shell
What is group 1 called
The Alkali metals
What happens to the MP’s of the alkali metals
They decrease as you go down the group
What do all the alkali metals react with
Water
What does the reaction between group 1 and water produce
hydrogen and metal hydroxide which makes an alkali solution
What ions do group 1 form
1+
What happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals
Increases as you go down
What is group 7 called
The halogens
What ions does group 7 form
1-
They can also form covalent bonds
What happens to the reactivity of group 7 metals
Decreases as you go down
What can halogens do to other halogens
They can displace less reactive halogens from a solution of one of its salts
What does the electrostatic attraction depend on
Distance between electrons and nucleus
The number of shells
The size of the positive charge on the nucleus
What does shielding mean
The bigger the elements, the further the furthest electron is from the nucleus which e]means it doesn’t have much attraction to it. This means that it is easier to lose the electrons but harder to gain electrons.
What are the Transition metals
They are the metals between group 2 and group 3 in the table
What are the transition metals properties
Higher MP’s and densities compared to alkali metals
They are also stronger and harder but less reactive
Don’t react vigorously with water
Can form ions with different charges
Compounds are usually coloured
Catalysts
