Organic chemistry Flashcards
How are coal, oil and natural gas formed?
Formed as a result of heat and pressure
How is petroleum separated into smaller hydrocarbons?
Fractional distillation
Order of hydrocarbons in fractionating column

What is a fraction
A mixture of compounds with a similiar boiling point
What is refinery gas used for
Bottled gas
What is gasoline used for
Petrol
What is kerosene used for
Jet fuel
What is diesel used for
Train and car fuel
What is fuel oil used for
Central heating
What is bitumen used for
Road and roof tar
What is a homologous series
A family of hydrocarbons which have similiar features and chemical properties due to being in the same functional group
What test can be used to tell which is an alkane and which is an alkene
Bromine water -
Alkanes will be orange
Alkenes wil decolourise
What do all members of a homologous series have
Same general formula
Same functional group
Similiar chemical properties
Gradiation in their physical properties
Difference in molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
What is a functional group
A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of each member of a homologous series
What is a structural isomer
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
There are two different types of structural isomer which are chain and position
In chain the structure of the carbon chain differs
In position the position of the functional group differs
example of chain isomer
example of position isomer
What are alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons
Contain no double bonds
Colourless compounds which have a gradual change on their physical properties as the number of carbon atoms in the group increases
Generally unreactive compounds but they do ungo combustion reactions and can be cracked into smaller alkanes and react with halogens in the presence of light