Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

the branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing, covalently bonded (sharing electrons) carbon based compounds. (A compound is a substance consisting of two or more atoms chemically combined in definite proportions by mass).

Question 2

polymerization

Answer 2

With carbon’s combining capacity, carbon atoms often form polymers, which are long chains of repeating units formed in a process known as polymerization

Question 3

ORGANIC PROPERTIES

Answer 3

-Contain both carbon and hydrogen together in the same compound (ex: Glucose C6H12O6) -Usually Flammable -Slow to react due to their size -Covalent Bonding -Are soluble in organic solvents, but are not soluble in water (since water is an inorganic compound)

Question 4

INORGANIC PROPERTIES

Answer 4

-May contain carbon (ex: CO2) or hydrogen (ex: H2O), but not together in the same compound. -Non-flammable -React fast because they ionize (break apart into + and - ions) -Ionic/Electrovalent Bonding -Are soluble in water and other inorganic compounds

Question 5

The FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Answer 5

a single element or group of elements that are attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound that add certain characteristics to that carbon compound and will tell you what class the compound belongs to.

Question 6

H (functional group name)

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons

Question 7

OH (functional group name)

Answer 7

(Hydroxyl group) Alcohols

Question 8

X (functional group name)

Answer 8

Halogens

Question 9

CHO (functional group name)

Answer 9

Aldehydes

Question 10

CO (functional group name)

Answer 10

(Carbonyl Group) Ketones

Question 11

COOH (functional group name)

Answer 11

(Carboxyl Group) Organic Acids

Question 12

COO (functional group name)

Answer 12

Esters

Question 13

O (functional group name)

Answer 13

Ethers

Question 14

NH2 (functional group name)

Answer 14

Amines

Question 15

The ALKYL GROUP / RADICAL (R)

Answer 15

A saturated hydrocarbon (Alkane) that has one hydrogen atom removed which allows for a point of attachment for the functional group.

Question 16

The GENERAL FORMULA

Answer 16

a formula that denotes a CLASS of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol (R) denoting a radical. The general formula will always contain an “R”. The “R” is not a chemical symbol for an element. It represents a variable, just like when you used “x”.

Question 17

The MOLECULAR FORMULA

Answer 17

a chemical formula which expresses the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance WITHOUT indicating how they are linked.

Question 18

The STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Answer 18

a chemical formula which shows the spatial arrangement (blue print) of the atoms and the linkage of every atom. It is the blueprint/layout of the formula/compound. It shows you the exact positioning of each atom and bond in the compound.

Question 19

The LINE FORMULA

Answer 19

a condensed version of the structural formula.

Question 20

The General Molecular Formula For Alkanes

Answer 20

CnH2n+2

Question 21

The General Molecular Formula for Alkenes

Answer 21

CnH2n

Question 22

The General Molecular Formula for Alkynes

Answer 22

CnH2n-2

Question 23

ISOMERISM

Answer 23

the possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same number of atoms of each element, but in different arrangement; or the process of forming an isomer.

Question 24

ISOMERS

Answer 24

two or more compounds of different physical and chemical properties having the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas. Structural formulas matter! Changing the layout of atoms in a compound changes the properties of that compound.

Question 25

ISOTOPES

Answer 25

SOTOPES are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number, but different numbers of neutrons, giving them different atomic masses. Ex: C-12 and C-14.)

Question 26

propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

Answer 26

Both have the Molecular formula = C3H8O

propyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol

The difference between these two compounds is the placement of the functional group. In Propyl Alcohol there is one radical and the functional group (OH) is attached at the end of that radical. In Isopropyl alcohol the functional group is situated between two (methyl) radicals

Question 27

Both have the Molecular formula = C3H6O

Answer 27

As an ALDEHYDE or As a KETONE propanal ketone Propanal - C2H5CHO Dimethyl ketone - CH3COCH3 As you can see by the structural formulas, they are two very different compounds, yet they have the same molecular formula.