Organic Chemistry

Question 1

IUPAC Naming Steps

Answer 1

Parent chain (longest chain) 
number the chain so that the highest priority functional groups receives the lowest possible number (suffix) 
substituents with a prefix 
assign numbers to the substituents 
alphabetizing the substituents

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

hydrocarbons without any double or triple bonds

Question 3

Suffix for alkanes

Answer 3

-ane

Question 4

Alkenes and alkynes and their suffixes

Answer 4

Alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds)

Question 5

alcohols and their suffixes and prefixes

Answer 5

OH, suffix (ol) and prefix (hydroxy)

Question 6

DIols: geminial vs. vicinial

Answer 6

diols are two hydroxyl groups
Gemini Twins: same carbon
Vicinial (vicinity): (adjacent carbons)

Question 7

Aldehydes (definition, suffix, prefix)

Answer 7

carbonyl group with the CO-H on the terminal chain terminating sequence (raw hide)

Suffix: al, prefix (oxo)

Question 8

Ketones (definition, suffix, prefix)

Answer 8

carbonyll gorup with the CO within the chain

Suffix: -one,
Prefix (-oxo, and -keto)

Question 9

Common names of aldehydes

Answer 9

formaldehyde (methanal), acetaldehyde (ethanal), and propionaldehyde (propanal)

Question 10

Common names for ketones (just how to name them)

Answer 10

naming the alkyl group on either side alphabetically and adding ketone
Example: 2-butanone is called ethylmethylketone

Question 11

alpha carbon is what

Answer 11

carbon right next to the carbonyl

Question 12

carboxyllic acids

Answer 12

COOH

Highest priority functional groups

Question 13

Naming Carboxyllic Acids

Answer 13

Always terminal. suffix -oic acid

Question 14

Common names for carboxyllic acids

Answer 14

formic acid (methanoic acid), acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and propionic acid (propanoic acid)

Question 15

esters, suffix and prefix

Answer 15

carboxyllic derivatives where the OH is replaced by the OR group

Suffix: -oate
Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl

Question 16

Amides, suffix and prefix

Answer 16

replace the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group that may or may not be substituted

Suffix: -amide
Prefix: -carbamoyl or amido

Substituents attached to the amide nitrogen are designated with a capital N

Question 17

Anhydrides

Answer 17

formed from two carboxylic acids by dehydration
Can be symmetric (same acid), asymmetric (two different acids)

Suffix: anyhydrides in place of acid
If the anhydride is formed from one or more carboxyllic acid, both are named in alphabetical order in the name before the word anhydride