Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Alkane formula

Answer 1

CnH(2n+2); no double bonds; ends in suffix -ane

Question 2

Alkene

Answer 2

CnH2n, double bond, -ene

Question 3

Alkyne

Answer 3

CnH(2n-2), triple bond, -yne

Question 4

Alcohol

Answer 4

(-OH) hydroxyl group; prefix hydroxy- or suffix -ol; diol = 2 hydroxyl groups

Question 5

geminal; vicinal

Answer 5

2 (-OH) on same carbon; 2 (-OH) on adjacent carbons

Question 6

Aldehyde

Answer 6

Contain a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to terminal carbon, also attached to a hydrogen; Prefix oxo- or suffix -al

Question 7

Ketone

Answer 7

Carbonyl group (C=O) attached to nonterminal carbon; Prefix oxo- or keto-, suffix -one

Question 8

Carboxylic acid

Answer 8

Highest priority functional group; 3 bonds to oxygen via hydroxyl group and carbonyl group; suffix -oic acid

Question 9

Ester

Answer 9

Carboxylic acid derivative: -OH replaced by -OR (alkoxy group); prefix alkoxycarbonyl- or suffix -oate

Question 10

Amide

Answer 10

Replace the -OH group of a carboxylic acid w/ an amine group that may or may not be substituted; prefix carbamoyl- or amido-, suffix -amide; substituents attached to amide designated w/ N-

Question 11

Anhydride

Answer 11

Formed from 2 carboxylic acids via dehydration; can be symmetric, asymmetric, or cyclic; suffix ‘anhydride’ instead of ‘acid’

Question 12

Order of priority for functional groups

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid > anhydride > ester > amide > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > alkene or alkyne > alkane