Organic Chemistry

Question 0

List the prefixes for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 carbons.

Answer 0

1. Meth
2. Eth
3. Prop
4. But
5. Pent

Question 1

What is cracking?

Answer 1

Breaking down large molecules into smaller, less viscous, more flammable molecules.

Question 2

Hw do you make ethanoic acid?

Answer 2

Oxidising ethanol

Question 3

Which oxidising agent speeds up the oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 3

Acidified potassium manganate VII.

Question 4

Hw do you identify carboxylic acids?

Answer 4

Functional group COOH

Question 5

state the chemical formula for ethanoic acid

Answer 5

CH3COOH

Question 6

State the molecular formula for ethanoic acid

Answer 6

C2H4O2

Question 7

State the empirical formula for ethanoic acid.

Answer 7

CH2O

Question 8

Ethanol + ethanoic acid –> ?

Answer 8

Ethylethanoate + water

Question 9

How are the properties of hydrocarbons affected with the length of chain? (3)

Answer 9

The longer the chain..

1. Higher mpt
2. More viscous
3. Less flammable

Question 10

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 10

A large molecule made up from small units.

Question 11

What is a homologous series?

Answer 11

A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar properties due to e presence of the same functional group.

Question 12

How do we identify alcohols?

Answer 12

Functional group OH

Question 13

How does ethanol burn?

Answer 13

With a clean flame

Question 14

Why is ethanol useful as a solvent?

Answer 14

It dissolves polar and no polar chemicals

Question 15

Wy is ethanol useful as a fuel? (2)

Answer 15

1. It is highly exothermic

2. It burns with a clean flame.

Question 16

Ethene + steam –> ?

Answer 16

Ethanol

Question 17

How can we make ethanol? (2 methods)

Answer 17

1. Fermentation

2. Catalytic addition of steam to ethene

Question 18

State the general formula for alcohols.

Answer 18

CnH2n+1OH

Question 19

State the 2 main uses of ethanol.

Answer 19

1. As a fuel

2. As a solvent

Question 20

If a molecule contains a C=C is it saturates or unsaturated?

Answer 20

Usaturated

Question 21

Ethene + hydrogen –> ?

Answer 21

Ethane

Question 22

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 22

CnH2n+2

Question 23

What happens when alkanes come into contact with chlorine (in sunlight)?

Answer 23

A substitution reaction takes place where chlorine atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms.

Question 24

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 24

Saturated

Question 25

What is the general formula of alkenes?

Answer 25

CnH2n

Question 26

Hw do you identify alkanes?

Answer 26

Hydrocarbons with single bonds

Question 27

State a property of alkanes.

Answer 27

Generally unreactive except when burning.

Question 28

If a molecule contains all single bonds, is it saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 28

Saturated

Question 29

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 29

Unsaturated

Question 30

What is a structural isomerism?

Answer 30

When 2 molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula (ie the bonds are arranged differently).

Question 31

What is a weak acid?

Answer 31

An acid that only partially ionises in solution.

Question 32

What type of polymer is starch?

Answer 32

A polysaccharide

Question 33

What is a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 33

A polysaccharide with simple sugar monomers.

Question 34

What type of polymerisation makes nylon/terylene/starch?

Answer 34

Condensation polymerisation

Question 35

List 2 uses of Teflon.

Answer 35

1. Non-stick coating on frying pans | 2. Windscreen wipers

Question 36

List 2 uses of terylene.

Answer 36

1. Clothing | 2. Thread

Question 37

List 2 uses of polystyrene.

Answer 37

1. Packaging | 2. Insulation for roofs and walls

Question 38

What type of polymer is nylon?

Answer 38

A polyamide.

Question 39

List 2 uses of polychloroethene (PVC).

Answer 39

1. Water pipes | 2. Wellingtons

Question 40

List 2 uses of nylon.

Answer 40

1. Fishing nets | 2. Ropes

Question 41

What type of polymerisation makes polyethene?

Answer 41

Addition polymerisation.

Question 42

What is an amide link?

Answer 42

-C-N- || | O H

Question 43

What are the monomers of polyethene?

Answer 43

Ethene

Question 44

How are complex carbohydrates converted to small sugar units?

Answer 44

Acid hydrolysis

Question 45

How is soap made?

Answer 45

The alkaline hydrolysis of fats.

Question 46

What is the structure of starch?

Answer 46

-O-[#%%%#%#]-O-[#%#%##%]-

Question 47

What is the structure of protein?

Answer 47

- N - C - C - N - C - C - N - C - C - | | || | | || | | || H R1 O H R2 O H R3 O

Question 48

List 4 problems with non biodegradable plastics.

Answer 48

1. Do not decompose so fill up landfill sights 2. Choke animals 3. Cog drains 4. Collect in rivers

Question 49

What type of polymer is terylene?

Answer 49

A polyester

Question 50

List 2 uses of polythene.

Answer 50

1. Plastic bag | 2. Clingfilm

Question 51

Compare nylon and protein.

Answer 51

The have the same amide link but have different units.

Question 52

Compare fats and terylene.

Answer 52

They have the same ester link but different units.

Question 53

What is the product of the hydrolysis of fats?

Answer 53

Soap

Question 54

How are proteins converted into amino acid?

Answer 54

Acid hydrolysis