Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Organic Chemistry
Living, built around carbon.
Isomers
Organic molecules that have the same number of atoms, but different structural formulas
Macromolecules
Very large organic molecules
Most important organic compounds found in living things are….
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Dehydration synthesis
Building something bigger than you started with
Hydrolysis
The breaking down
Polymers
Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Primary energy source. Simple sugar
End in -“ose”
Complex carbohydrates
Two or more simple sugars combined
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Polysaccharides
Many simple sugars
Used for energy storage in plants (starch) and animals (glycogen)
Important component of plant cell wall
Proteins
Polymers made of amino acids
Peptide bond
Bond formed between amino acids
Amino acid structure
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide constitutes the primary structure of the protein
Types of proteins
Structural
Regulatory
Carrier
Nucleic acids
Largest biological molecules. Store and transfer information within a cell.
Include DNA/RNA
Nucleotides
Sub components
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Function of DNA
Replicate/ heal
Store information/transmit
Direct synthesis of proteins
Mutate
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Lipids are…
Fats
Large/ nonpolar
Unsaturated fat
Carbon of fat with double bonded carbon molecule
Saturated fat
Carbon skeleton with as much hydrogen as possible
Phospholipids
Complex organic molecules.
Major components of cell membranes
