Basic Chemistry Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Two types of energy….
Potential energy and Kinetic energy
Potential energy is…
Stored energy
Kinetic energy is….
Energy in motion
Forms of energy…
- Mechanical energy
- Nuclear energy
- Electrical energy
- Radiant energy
- Chemical energy
What is an Atom?
The smallest unit of matter that can exist on its own.
What is an element?
Chemical substance made up of only one kind of atom.
Sub-atomic particles are…
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
Protons
Atomic number, positively charged, in nucleus.
Neutrons
No charge in the nucleus
Electrons
Orbit the nucleus in the energy levels. In constant motion. Negative charge.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
Inert
The state of doing nothing.
Molecules
Two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond. Molecules are in constant motion.
Compound
A chemical substance made of two or more elements combined in chemical bonds.
Phases of matter…
Solid, liquid and gas.
Ionic bonds
Gain or lose electrons to achieve full outermost energy levels.
Covalent bonds
Formed by sharing electrons to achieve full outermost energy levels.
Single covalent bond
One pair of electrons shared.
Double covalent bond
Two pairs of electrons are shared.
Triple covalent bond
Three pairs of electrons are shared.
Hydrogen bonds
Positive to negative polar attraction.
Water is denses at?
3.97
Structure determines….
Function
5 chemical reactions
- Oxidation-reduction
- Dehydration synthesis
- Hydrolysis
- Phosphorylation
- Acid-base reactions
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Reaction in which electrons (and their energy) are transferred from one atom to another.
Dehydration synthesis reaction
When two small molecules are joined to form a larger molecule.
Hydrolysis reaction
When a larger molecule is broken down into smaller parts.
Phosphorylation reaction
When phosphate groups are added to other molecules
