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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What do hydrocarbons only contain

A

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

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2
Q

What bonds do alkanes have

A

C-C single bonds

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

What are alkanes

A

Saturated compounds - each carbon forms four covalent bonds

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5
Q

Chemical formula for methane

A

CH4

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6
Q

Formula for ethane

A

C2H6

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7
Q

Formula for propane

A

C3H8

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8
Q

Butane formula

A

C4H10

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9
Q

The shorter the carbon chain is…

A

The more volatile and less viscous it is and the lower the boiling point is

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10
Q

When does a complete combustion occur

A

When there is plenty of oxygen

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11
Q

Hydrocarbon + oxygen

A

Co2 + water

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12
Q

Crude oil is made over a ______ period of time

A

Long

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13
Q

Fractional distillation can be used to

A

Separate hydrocarbon fractions

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14
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons

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15
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

Oil is heated then turned into gas
Hot at the bottom, cooler as you go up columns
Long hydrocarbons v high boiling points
Short hydrocarbons condense later on at the top

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16
Q

Petrol drains further up the fractioning column than diesel. What does this suggest about the boiling points of the hydrocarbons which make up petrol compared to diesel

A

Hydrocarbons in petrol have a lower boiling point than those in diesel

17
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated because they have a double carbon carbon bond

18
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

19
Q

Crude oil is a finite/infinite resource

A

Finite

20
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane

A

Cn2n+2

21
Q

What happens to bromine water when an alkene is added to it

A

It turns from orange to colourless

22
Q

What method could be used to crack a long chain hydrocarbon

A

Mix the hydrocarbon vapour with steam and heat to a very high temperature

23
Q

What technique is used to separate the components of crude oil

A

Fractional distillation

24
Q

What happens to the carbon and hydrogen in a fuel when it’s burned

A

They are oxidised

25
Q

True or false - cracking is used to turn long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain hydrocarbons

A

True

26
Q

Which alkane has the formula C4 H10

A

Butane

27
Q

Balanced formula equation for the complete combustion of propane C3H8

A

C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H20

Chemistry (7 decks)

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