Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Consider the sequence of C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 Only ….. increases
Length
2-methylpropan2-ol is an isomer of
Butan-2-ol
The formation and compostion of crude oil
Millions of years ago the dinosaurs died out and became apart of the earth as fossils. Through High pressure and temp over the years the fossil turned into fossil fuels ask crude oil. the crude oil is then put into disslation towers to be made into alkanes upto 70 carbon atoms
Why is franctionalling performed in the absence of air
Because oxygen will create a combustion reaction and thus burn the towers down
Naming Organic Molecules
- Identify Longest carbon chain- Number carbons in the main chain, starting from the ennd to closet the 1) functional group, b)Double Bond, c)akyl branch-Name the side branches/ functional groups and indicate thier postion
Functional Group
Alcohol , -OH . -Ol
Carboxylic acids
-COOH. -oic acid
Ester
-COOCH3- (Naming. Alcohol first then Carboxlyic) . ..yl ..Anoate + H2o
Alkanes
Saturated (Single bonds)
Alkenes
Unsaturated (Double bonds)
Alkynes
Unsaturated (Triple Bonds)
Propane isomer is always going to be
Dimethyl Propane
isomers
can not have double bond if original hyrdrocarbon was a alkane
Physical and chemical properties of: Carboxylic Acids
Has a strong Odour, High Boiling points and solubility in smaller carboxylic acids
Physical and chemical properties of: Esters
Esters have polar bonds but do not engage in hydrogen bonding and are therefore intermediate in boiling points between the non polar alkanes and the alcohols, which engage in hydrogen bonding.
Substitution Reaction
Where one or more of the chlorine or fluroine atoms take the place of one or more hydrogen atoms. egCH4+ Cl2 —–> (uv light) CH3CL + HCL
Addition Reaction
Alkenes reacting with hydrogen or halogens. the hydrogen or halogen attaches the double bond and breaks it. egC2H4+ Cl2 ——> (Catalyst) C2H4Cl2
Combustion Reaction
Hydrocarbon+ o2 -> H20 + Co2
Condensation/ Esterification
Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2So4) is used to link the alcohol and carboxylic acid together by removing a water molecule.
Cracking
Breaking down larger hydrocarbons into smaller ones. can be done at high temp (Thermal cracking) or low temp with a catalyst (Catalytic Cracking)
Different molecular shapes of covalent compounds
Tetrahedral, Prymadial, V-shapes, linear, Planar,
Black Oxide of Copper was reduced to copper in a stream of hydrogen. Why was the stream of hydrogen maintained untill the appartus cooled?
So that the oxygen cannot enter the tube and re-oxidise the copper
The main change that would be observed inside the tube as it was heated
Solid changes from black to orange brown
