Organic Chemistry

Question 1

substitution reaction

Answer 1

• alkanes can react with chlorine in the presense of ultraviolet light to form hydrogen chloride and a substituted alkane
• example: methane can reaction with chlorine to form chloromethane
• example: ethane can reaction with bromine to form bromoethane

Question 2

heterolytic fission

Answer 2

both of shared electrons go to one of the atoms resulting in a negative and positive ion

Question 3

homolytic fission

Answer 3

each of the two atoms forming the bond retains one of the shared electrons resulting in the formation of two free radicals

Question 4

Why is the bond between two halogen atoms weaker than c-c or c-h?

Answer 4

halogen bond can break homolytically in the presence of ultraviolet light

Question 5

initiation of chlorine molecule

Answer 5

Cl₂–>Cl.+Cl.

Question 6

propagation of chlorine molecule

Answer 6

CH₄+Cl.–>C.H₃​+HCl

Question 7

termination of chlorine molecule

Answer 7

• Cl.+Cl.–>Cl₂
• two radicals react together

Question 8

primary alcohols

Answer 8

oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate (VI) to aldehydes then to carboxylic acids

Question 9

secondary alcohols

Answer 9

oxidised to ketones

Question 10

tertiary alochols

Answer 10

cannot be oxidised because they have no hydrogen atoms attached directly to the carbon atoms containing the OH group

Question 11

electrophile

Answer 11

electron-deficient species often formed in situ that can accept electron pairs

Question 12

esterification

Answer 12

alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with carboxylic acids

Question 13

condensation reaction

Answer 13

reaction between two molecules to produce a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such water or hydrogen chloride