ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 1

what is the homologous series

Answer 1

it is a family of compounds with similar properties because they have similar bonding

Question 2

what do the family compounds of a homologous series need to have in common?

Answer 2

1) The same general formula
2) Have similar chemical properties- these are the similar because they have the same functional group
3) They have physical properties which show a steady gradation
4) Have successive members which differ by CH2

Question 3

what is a hydrocarbon

Answer 3

these are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, joined covalently- the two families of hydrocarbons are alkenes and alkanes

Question 4

what does the stem of an organic compound show you?

Answer 4

it shows you how many carbon atoms there are

Question 5

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘meth’ show you?

Answer 5

that there is 1 carbon atom in it

Question 8

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘eth’ show you?

Answer 8

there are two carbon atoms in it

Question 9

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘prop’ show you?

Answer 9

there are 3 carbon atoms in it

Question 10

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘but’ show you?

Answer 10

there are 4 carbon atoms in it

Question 11

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘pent’ show you?

Answer 11

there are 5 carbon atoms in it

Question 12

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘hex’ show you?

Answer 12

there are 6 carbon atoms in it

Question 13

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘hept’ show you?

Answer 13

there are 7 carbon atoms in it

Question 14

at the stem of an organic compound, what does ‘oct’ show you?

Answer 14

there are 8 carbon atoms in it

Question 15

at the ending part of an organic compound , what does ‘ane’ give

Answer 15

alkane

Question 16

at the ending part of an organic compound , what does ‘ene’ give

Answer 16

alkene

Question 17

at the ending part of an organic compound , what does ‘anol’ give

Answer 17

alcohol

Question 18

at the ending part of an organic compound , what does ‘anoic acid’ give

Answer 18

carboxylic acid

Question 19

what are the features of the an alkane

Answer 19

• alkanes are hydrocarbons
• their general formula is CnH2n+2
• These are saturated hydrocarbons
• these have four bonds with each carbon atom

Question 20

what are the chemical properties of alkanes

Answer 20

• they are inflammable (which is why they’re used as fuels)

- They undergo combustion in excess air with a hot, non-smokey and non-luminous flame producing carbon dioxide and water

Question 21

what type of reaction is combustion

Answer 21

it’s an oxidation or exothermic reaction

Question 22

what problems do the formation of soot cause

Answer 22

blocks sunlight- global warming

smoke+fog -> smog

Question 23

what problems does the formation of carbon monoxide cause

Answer 23

poisonous- can cause asphyxia

its colourless and has no smell

Question 24

what’s the difference between flammable , inflammable and non-flammable

Answer 24

flammable and inflammable mean catch fire

non-flammable does not catch fire

Question 25

in the combustion of petrol in a car engines when its burned at a high temperature that n2 and o2 in the air bond to form nitrogen oxides - why is this a problem

Answer 25

NO2 + H2O -> HNO2 (nitrous acid) + HNO3 (nitric acid)

nitrous acid+nitric acid -> acid rain

acid rain attacks structures made of marble, limestone and iron. it dissolves aluminium compounds in the soil. these get washed off into rivers and lakes where they can kill fish.