METALS Flashcards
the order of metals in reactivity series
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold and platinum
why are the metals higher up in the reactivity series more reactive
they only have one electron in their outer shell so tend to be more reactive
what reaction is a metal reaction with water or steam
displacement or redox reaction
describe the observations of the higher metals in the reactivity series with water or steam (K-Ca)
Reacts with cold water, very vigorous reaction giving a soluble metal hydroxide and hydrogen
describe the observations of the metals in the middle of the reactivity series and water or steam
very slow reaction with cold water so reacts when heated in steam producing an insoluble metal oxide and hydrogen
describe what happens to the metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series with water or steam
there is no reaction with water or steam as it is below hydrogen in the reactivity series so therefore the metal cannot compete with the hydrogen for the non metal part of the acid
describe what happens in the reaction of a metal and metal salts
if there is a more reactive metal , it can compete and displace the less reactive metal from its compound. (this experiment is usually performed in a solution)
describe the observations of silver (I) nitrate (V) solution and a small piece of lead metal
the silver lead turns black- the lead is higher up the reactivity series than silver so it takes the nitrate.
2Pb (s) + AgNO3 (aq) -> Pb(NO3)2 + 2Ag
describe the observations of copper (II) sulfate (VI) solution and iron wool
copper sulfate turns clearer and less blue, the iron wool turns red. iron is higher up the RS than copper.
CuSO4 + Fe -> FeSO4 + Cu
describe the observations of Lead (I) nitrate (V) and a small piece of magnesium
the magnesium turns black , magnesium is higher up the reactivity series than lead.
Pb(NO3)2 + Mg -> 2Mg(NO3)2 + Pb
describe the observations of magnesium nitrate (V) solution and a piece of zinc
no reaction and it’s lower on the RS.
Mg(NO3)2 + Zn -x>
what colour is magnesium
silver
what colour is zinc
silver
what colour is iron
silver
what colour is copper
pink/brown
what colour is cobalt
silver
what colour is magnesium nitrate solution
colourless
what colour is zinc nitrate solution
colourless
what colour is iron nitrate solution
green
what colour is a copper nitrate solution
blue
what colour is a cobalt nitrate solution
pink
what is an ore
a solid compound of a metal which the metal can be extracted economically
when is a metal compound not an ore
aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earths crust (more than any other metal in the earth). it’s extracted from bauxite, impure aluminium oxide. soil also contains aluminium compounds but would be extremely expensive to extract aluminium from soil. Hence bauxite is an ore of aluminium, soil is not.
what are the 3stages of extracting metals
mining the metal ore and concentrating it
conversion of the metal ore into metal
purification
what is the process of extracting metals called
reduction - the metal gains electrons
in the extraction of zinc from its ore, what reactions take place?
2ZnS + 3O2 -> 2ZnO + SO2
2ZnO + C -> Zn + CO2
how does the position in the reactivity series affect the the extraction of the metal
if the metal is higher in the reactivity series the harder it is to extract the metal
How do displacement reactions occur ?
these reactions occur between two solids and need strong heating before a reaction can occur
