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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

Chemical that oxides another chemical by losing oxygen and gaining electrons.

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2
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

Chemical that reduces another chemical by either losing electrons or gaining oxygen

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3
Q

What is a Redox Reaction?

A

Reactions where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time.

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4
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

A reaction that separates a ,real from the oxygen in it’s oxide

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5
Q

What is Oxidation?

A

Gaining Oxygen
Losing Hydrogen
Losing Electrons

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6
Q

What is Reduction?

A

Loss of Oxygen
Gain Hydrogen
Gain Electrons

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7
Q

Gains Oxygen
Loses Hydrogen
Loses Electrons
What is it?….

A

OXIDATION

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8
Q

Loses Oxygen
Gains Hydrogen
Gains Electrons

A

REDUCTION

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9
Q

3 main raw materials that enter the blast furnace

A

Coke, Haemitte, Limestone

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10
Q

Why is Limestone added to the blast furnace?

A

Produces Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

In the Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate (||) what is made at the Cathode and explain why?

A

Copper - Because their ions accept electrons more easily than hydrogen ions. So at the cathode copper metal is produced.

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12
Q

In the Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate(||) what is produced at the Anode?

A

Oxygen and Water

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13
Q

In the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride) what is produced at the anode and explain why?

A

Chlorine gas because it is less reactive than hydroxide ions, so chlorine gas is formed instead of oxygen.

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14
Q

Write the Equation for the reaction at the Anode in the Electrolysis of Brine. What type of reaction is this and why?

A

anode: 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl2

Oxidation because the Chlorine ions lose electrons to from a Chloride molecule.

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15
Q

In the electrolysis of Brine, write down the reaction that takes place at the Cathode and what type of reaction it is and why.

A

Cathode: 2H+ + 2e– → H2

Reduction reaction because the Hydrogen Ions gain electrons to form a Hydrogen molecule

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16
Q

In the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride) what is produced at the Cathode and why?

A

Hydrogen gas is produced because it is less reactive than Sodium.

17
Q

What is left behind in the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride)

A

Sodium Hydroxide solution is left behind because Na and OH ions remain in the tank.

18
Q

What is Electrolysis?

A

An electric current through an ionic substance that is molten or in solution breaking down to make a new substance/element.’

19
Q

How is the Electric current allowed to pass through an ionic substance that is molten or in solution.

A

The free ions conduct electricity.’

20
Q

In the Electrolysis of Molten Lead (ll) Bromide what is produced at the Cathode and what is the half equation to show this?

A

Lead
the Pb2+ ions are forced to accept two electrons
the ion-electron half equation for this reaction is

Pb2+(l) + 2e- → Pb(l)

21
Q

In the Electrolysis of Molten Lead(ll) Bromide what is produced at the Anode and what is the half equation for this?

A

Bromide gas
the ion-electron half equation for this reaction is:

2Br-(l) → Br2(g) + 2e-

22
Q

What happens at the anode and Cathode in the Electrolysis of Molten Lead (||) Bromide I terms of where the products go and the state they are in.

A

Cathode: Molten Lead is produced and sinks to the bottom of the vessel
Anode: Bromine Gas forms at the top of anode and is brown

23
Q

What is an ore?

A

Rocks that contain minerals, which is rich in one particular compound.

24
Q

Which 2 ways can Ethanol be produced

A

From Ethene and Steam

Fermentation

25
Q

Describe how you can make Ethanol from Ethene and Steam in terms of the conditions needed and the price

A

Ethene produced from crude oil - by cracking
C2h4 reacts with steam (H20) to make ethanol
Temp: 300 degrees
Pressure: 60-70
Catalyst: Phosphoric acid
Cheap process, Ethene fairly cheap and not much is wasted
Crude oil is non-renewable; will soon run out; so making Ethene will becoming expensive

26
Q

Describe how you can make ethanol from Fermentation

A

Use raw material sugar e.g glucose and convert into ethanol using yeast
Lower temp: 30 degrees and simpler equipment

27
Q

Disadvantages of produced ethanol by fermentation

A

Ethanol you get isn’t very concentrated so it needs to de distilled to increase its strength. Needs to be purified
Rate of reaction is slow
High labour costs

28
Q

Advantages of produced ethanol by fermentation

A

Sugar - a renewable source

Batch process at lower temp so cheap equipment

29
Q

Advantages of producing Ethanol by Ethene and Steam

A

Product is pure
Fast rate of reaction
Low labour costs
Ethene is fairly cheap

30
Q

Disadvantages of producing Ethnaol from Ethene and Steam

A

Crude oil - non renewable source, will soon run out which means using Ethene to make ethanol will become very expensive
Continuous high temp and pressure so expensive equipment

31
Q

Describe how you can turn ethanol back into Ethene

A

Removing water from the ethanol in a dehydration reaction
Ethanol vapour is passed over a hot catalyst of aluminium oxide al203 - the catalyst provides a large surface area for the reaction
Ceramic wool soaked in ethanol is heated

Chemistry (5 decks)

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