Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is an oxidising agent?

Answer 1

Chemical that oxides another chemical by losing oxygen and gaining electrons.

Question 2

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 2

Chemical that reduces another chemical by either losing electrons or gaining oxygen

Question 3

What is a Redox Reaction?

Answer 3

Reactions where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time.

Question 4

What is a reduction reaction?

Answer 4

A reaction that separates a ,real from the oxygen in it’s oxide

Question 5

What is Oxidation?

Answer 5

Gaining Oxygen
Losing Hydrogen
Losing Electrons

Question 6

What is Reduction?

Answer 6

Loss of Oxygen
Gain Hydrogen
Gain Electrons

Question 7

Gains Oxygen
Loses Hydrogen
Loses Electrons
What is it?….

Answer 7

OXIDATION

Question 8

Loses Oxygen
Gains Hydrogen
Gains Electrons

Answer 8

REDUCTION

Question 9

3 main raw materials that enter the blast furnace

Answer 9

Coke, Haemitte, Limestone

Question 10

Why is Limestone added to the blast furnace?

Answer 10

Produces Carbon Dioxide

Question 11

In the Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate (||) what is made at the Cathode and explain why?

Answer 11

Copper - Because their ions accept electrons more easily than hydrogen ions. So at the cathode copper metal is produced.

Question 12

In the Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate(||) what is produced at the Anode?

Answer 12

Oxygen and Water

Question 13

In the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride) what is produced at the anode and explain why?

Answer 13

Chlorine gas because it is less reactive than hydroxide ions, so chlorine gas is formed instead of oxygen.

Question 14

Write the Equation for the reaction at the Anode in the Electrolysis of Brine. What type of reaction is this and why?

Answer 14

anode: 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl2

Oxidation because the Chlorine ions lose electrons to from a Chloride molecule.

Question 15

In the electrolysis of Brine, write down the reaction that takes place at the Cathode and what type of reaction it is and why.

Answer 15

Cathode: 2H+ + 2e– → H2

Reduction reaction because the Hydrogen Ions gain electrons to form a Hydrogen molecule

Question 16

In the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride) what is produced at the Cathode and why?

Answer 16

Hydrogen gas is produced because it is less reactive than Sodium.

Question 17

What is left behind in the Electrolysis of Brine (Sodium Chloride)

Answer 17

Sodium Hydroxide solution is left behind because Na and OH ions remain in the tank.

Question 18

What is Electrolysis?

Answer 18

An electric current through an ionic substance that is molten or in solution breaking down to make a new substance/element.’

Question 19

How is the Electric current allowed to pass through an ionic substance that is molten or in solution.

Answer 19

The free ions conduct electricity.’

Question 20

In the Electrolysis of Molten Lead (ll) Bromide what is produced at the Cathode and what is the half equation to show this?

Answer 20

Lead
the Pb2+ ions are forced to accept two electrons
the ion-electron half equation for this reaction is

Pb2+(l) + 2e- → Pb(l)

Question 21

In the Electrolysis of Molten Lead(ll) Bromide what is produced at the Anode and what is the half equation for this?

Answer 21

Bromide gas
the ion-electron half equation for this reaction is:

2Br-(l) → Br2(g) + 2e-

Question 22

What happens at the anode and Cathode in the Electrolysis of Molten Lead (||) Bromide I terms of where the products go and the state they are in.

Answer 22

Cathode: Molten Lead is produced and sinks to the bottom of the vessel
Anode: Bromine Gas forms at the top of anode and is brown

Question 23

What is an ore?

Answer 23

Rocks that contain minerals, which is rich in one particular compound.

Question 24

Which 2 ways can Ethanol be produced

Answer 24

From Ethene and Steam

Fermentation

Question 25

Describe how you can make Ethanol from Ethene and Steam in terms of the conditions needed and the price

Answer 25

Ethene produced from crude oil - by cracking C2h4 reacts with steam (H20) to make ethanol Temp: 300 degrees Pressure: 60-70 Catalyst: Phosphoric acid Cheap process, Ethene fairly cheap and not much is wasted Crude oil is non-renewable; will soon run out; so making Ethene will becoming expensive

Question 26

Describe how you can make ethanol from Fermentation

Answer 26

Use raw material sugar e.g glucose and convert into ethanol using yeast Lower temp: 30 degrees and simpler equipment

Question 27

Disadvantages of produced ethanol by fermentation

Answer 27

Ethanol you get isn't very concentrated so it needs to de distilled to increase its strength. Needs to be purified Rate of reaction is slow High labour costs

Question 28

Advantages of produced ethanol by fermentation

Answer 28

Sugar - a renewable source | Batch process at lower temp so cheap equipment

Question 29

Advantages of producing Ethanol by Ethene and Steam

Answer 29

Product is pure Fast rate of reaction Low labour costs Ethene is fairly cheap

Question 30

Disadvantages of producing Ethnaol from Ethene and Steam

Answer 30

Crude oil - non renewable source, will soon run out which means using Ethene to make ethanol will become very expensive Continuous high temp and pressure so expensive equipment

Question 31

Describe how you can turn ethanol back into Ethene

Answer 31

Removing water from the ethanol in a dehydration reaction Ethanol vapour is passed over a hot catalyst of aluminium oxide al203 - the catalyst provides a large surface area for the reaction Ceramic wool soaked in ethanol is heated