Chemistry In the Industry Flashcards
What are Ores?
Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them.
What does a stable ore mean?
Difficult to get the metal put of its compound
What is the name of the reaction where a metal separates from the oxygen in its oxide?
Reduction Reaction.
Which metals can be extracted from a Metal in a reduction reaction with carbon by heating the ore with carbon monoxide.
Metals that are less reactive than Carbon.
Zinc
Iron Tin
Which metals have to be extracted by Electrolysis?
Metals that are more reactive than Carbon. They come higher in the reactivity series.
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium
What is the main ore that Aluminium is extracted from and after mining and purifying what is left?
Bauxite and a White powder is left
The is pure Aluminium Oxide Al2O3
Why is acrylonitrile used in extracting Aluminium Oxide?
To lower temperature and costs
What are the cathodes made out of in the Electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?
Graphite. They are good conductors of electricity
What is the Aluminium dissolved in in the electrolysis of it? And Why?
Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite (a less common ore of Aluminium)
Lowers the temp to 900 degrees and makes it cheaper and easier
Why is Electrolysis expensive?
A lot of electricity is needed
Energy is also needed to heat the electrolyte p
Disappearing positive electrodes need frequency replacing
What is the half equation at the Cathode for the electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?
Al3+ + 3e- → Al
What is the half equation at the anode for the electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?
In aluminium extraction: 2O2- → O2 + 4e-
What does a more reactive metal mean in terms of extracting it?
The more reactive the metal is, the harder it is to extract
Where is Iron extracted from and what reaction is it?
Extracted from haematite by Reduction (removal of oxygen) in a blast furnace.
What are the 3 raw materials in the extraction of Iron in the blast furnace?
Iron Ore
Limestone
Coke
The purpose of Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone in the Extraction of Iron in the blast furnace.
Irene ore contains Iron
Coke is pure carbon - This for reducing the iron oxide to iron metal
Limestone take away any impurities in the form of slag
Why is Hot Air blasted into the furnace?
Makes the coke burn much faster than Norma, and raises the temperature to about 1500 degrees
Describe the steps in words of extracting Iron in the blast furnace.
- The coke burns and produces carbon dioxide
- The carbon Dioxide the. Reacts with unbutton coke to make Carbon monoxide
- The carbon monoxide then r duces the Iorn core to Iron.
Describe in terms of Word equations the extraction of Iron in a blast furnace.
Carbon + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide + Carbon —-> Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide + Iron(|||) oxide —> Carbon Dioxide + Iron
Describe in terms of symbol equations the extraction of Iron in a blast furnace.
C + 02 —-> CO2
C02 + C —-> 2CO
3C0 + Fe203 —-> 3C02 + 2Fe
How does Iron leave the blast furnace
It’s molten and also very dense so it runs straight to the boot. Of the furnace where it’s tapped off.
What is the first stage in the contact process? Write the symbol equation
Forming Sulfur dioxide by burning Sulfur in the air of roasting sulfide ores
S + 02 —> S02
What is stage 2 in the contact process? What is the symbol equation?
The sulfur dioxide is then oxidised (with the help of a catalyst ) to form Sulfur trioxide. This is a reversible reaction
2SO2 + 02 —-> 2S03
What is stage 3 in the contact process? What is the symbol equation for this?
Sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated Sulfuric acid to form oleum
S03 + H2S04 —-> H2S207
