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Chemistry > Chemistry In the Industry > Flashcards

Chemistry In the Industry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Ores?

A

Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them.

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2
Q

What does a stable ore mean?

A

Difficult to get the metal put of its compound

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3
Q

What is the name of the reaction where a metal separates from the oxygen in its oxide?

A

Reduction Reaction.

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4
Q

Which metals can be extracted from a Metal in a reduction reaction with carbon by heating the ore with carbon monoxide.

A

Metals that are less reactive than Carbon.
Zinc
Iron Tin

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5
Q

Which metals have to be extracted by Electrolysis?

A

Metals that are more reactive than Carbon. They come higher in the reactivity series.
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium

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6
Q

What is the main ore that Aluminium is extracted from and after mining and purifying what is left?

A

Bauxite and a White powder is left

The is pure Aluminium Oxide Al2O3

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7
Q

Why is acrylonitrile used in extracting Aluminium Oxide?

A

To lower temperature and costs

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8
Q

What are the cathodes made out of in the Electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?

A

Graphite. They are good conductors of electricity

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9
Q

What is the Aluminium dissolved in in the electrolysis of it? And Why?

A

Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite (a less common ore of Aluminium)
Lowers the temp to 900 degrees and makes it cheaper and easier

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10
Q

Why is Electrolysis expensive?

A

A lot of electricity is needed
Energy is also needed to heat the electrolyte p
Disappearing positive electrodes need frequency replacing

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11
Q

What is the half equation at the Cathode for the electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?

A

Al3+ + 3e- → Al

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12
Q

What is the half equation at the anode for the electrolysis of Aluminium oxide?

A

In aluminium extraction: 2O2- → O2 + 4e-

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13
Q

What does a more reactive metal mean in terms of extracting it?

A

The more reactive the metal is, the harder it is to extract

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14
Q

Where is Iron extracted from and what reaction is it?

A

Extracted from haematite by Reduction (removal of oxygen) in a blast furnace.

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15
Q

What are the 3 raw materials in the extraction of Iron in the blast furnace?

A

Iron Ore
Limestone
Coke

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16
Q

The purpose of Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone in the Extraction of Iron in the blast furnace.

A

Irene ore contains Iron
Coke is pure carbon - This for reducing the iron oxide to iron metal
Limestone take away any impurities in the form of slag

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17
Q

Why is Hot Air blasted into the furnace?

A

Makes the coke burn much faster than Norma, and raises the temperature to about 1500 degrees

18
Q

Describe the steps in words of extracting Iron in the blast furnace.

A
  1. The coke burns and produces carbon dioxide
  2. The carbon Dioxide the. Reacts with unbutton coke to make Carbon monoxide
  3. The carbon monoxide then r duces the Iorn core to Iron.
19
Q

Describe in terms of Word equations the extraction of Iron in a blast furnace.

A

Carbon + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide + Carbon —-> Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide + Iron(|||) oxide —> Carbon Dioxide + Iron

20
Q

Describe in terms of symbol equations the extraction of Iron in a blast furnace.

A

C + 02 —-> CO2
C02 + C —-> 2CO
3C0 + Fe203 —-> 3C02 + 2Fe

21
Q

How does Iron leave the blast furnace

A

It’s molten and also very dense so it runs straight to the boot. Of the furnace where it’s tapped off.

22
Q

What is the first stage in the contact process? Write the symbol equation

A

Forming Sulfur dioxide by burning Sulfur in the air of roasting sulfide ores
S + 02 —> S02

23
Q

What is stage 2 in the contact process? What is the symbol equation?

A

The sulfur dioxide is then oxidised (with the help of a catalyst ) to form Sulfur trioxide. This is a reversible reaction
2SO2 + 02 —-> 2S03

24
Q

What is stage 3 in the contact process? What is the symbol equation for this?

A

Sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated Sulfuric acid to form oleum
S03 + H2S04 —-> H2S207

25
Q

What is stage 4 in the contact process? What is the symbol equation for this?

A

Oleum is diluted with measure amounts of water to form concentrated Sulfuric acid
H2S207 + H20 —> 2H2S04

26
Q

What are the conditions in the contact process

A

Temp: 450 degrees
Pressure: 2
Catalyst: Vanadium Oxide v205

27
Q

What is the catalyst used in the contact process and when is it used?

A

Vanadium oxide

Oxidising Sulfur dioxide to Sulfur trioxide

28
Q

Why are these specific conditions needed for the contact process?

A

3 moles of reactant for 2 moles of product ( so the product had less volume than the reactants

29
Q

What are the uses of Sulfuric Acid?

A

Fertilisers - make phosphate fertilisers; Improve nutrients in soil; increasing plant growth
Detergents ; used for cleaning
Paints; SA used to make titanium dioxide which is a white pigment used in paints (and for drawing white lines on tennis courts?

30
Q

What Useful products are their from the Electrolysis of Brine?

A

Chlorine; sterilise water supplies; make bleach and HCL
Hydrogen: Used in the haver process; change oils into fats for making margarine
Sodium hydroxide; very strong base and is used widely in the chemical industry; make soap, bleach and paper pulp

31
Q

What is the hydrocarbon octane used for

A

Petrol

32
Q

What kind of reaction is cracking?

A

Thermal decomposition - breaking molecules down into simpler molecules by heating them

33
Q

Long chain Allan’s molecules, produces what when cracked?!

A

Shorter alkane molecules and alkenes

34
Q

Conditions for cracking?

A

Powdered catalyst - Silica (Si02) and Aluminia (Al203)

Temp: 600-700

35
Q

What is polyethene like and what are its uses?

A

Light stretchable polymer

Packaging such as plastic bags, bottles and containers

36
Q

What is polypropylene like and what are its uses?

A

Very tough polymer; relatively flexible
Resistant to heat
Kettles, food containers and carpets

37
Q

Uses of Poly(chloroethene)

A

is used to make clothes and pipes and for insulating electrical cables

38
Q

Symbol equation for the haber process

A

n2 + 3H2 —> 2NH3 + heat

39
Q

What’s special about the reaction in the haber process

What are the conditions

A

Reversible reaction
Pressure: 200 atmosphere
Temp: 450 degrees
Catalyst: Iron

40
Q

What is Ammonia used for?

A

To make Nitric acid and Ammonium Nitrate Fertiliser

Chemistry (5 decks)

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