Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is an Alkane?

Answer 1

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2.
Relatively unreactive chemically. As the molecules get larger the melting and boiling points increase due to stronger dispersion forces BETWEEN the molecules. Non-polar molecules make it insoluble in water. Found in fossil fuels. Only undergo substitution and combustion

Question 2

What is an Alkene?

Answer 2

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula of CnH2n. Covalent double bond. You can add two hydrogens per molecule. More chemically reactive than alkanes. Used for producing plastics . Not commonly found in nature and undergo addition reactions.

Question 3

The process of separating hydrocarbons is called ________ distillation. This process _______ the liquids and _____ the smallest _______ first.

Answer 3

The process of separating hydrocarbons is called fractional distillation. This process boils the liquids and collects the smallest hydrocarbon first.

Question 4

Hydrocarbon + O2 = _____ + ______

What is this reaction called?

Answer 4

Hydrocarbon + O2 = H2O + CO2

Complete combustion

Question 5

What are the two reactions an Alkane can undergo?

Answer 5

Combustion and substitution

Question 6

What is substitution?

Answer 6

Replacing one atom or group with another atom or group.

Question 7

Methane + chlorine = ___________ + ________

What is this reaction called? And what are the catalysts

Answer 7

Methane + chlorine = chloromethane + hydrochloric acid

Halogenation

The catalysts are UV light and Heat

Question 8

What are the reactions that alkenes can undergo?

Answer 8

Combustion and addition reactions

Question 9

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 9

Breaking of double bond and addition of two atoms.

Question 10

Alkene + _____ = Alkane

What is the process called?

Answer 10

Hydrogen

It’s called hydrogenation

Question 11

What is hydration and what is the chemical equation?

Answer 11

Hydration is the addition of water to an Alkene. This is done by breaking the alkenes double bond.

Alkene + water = alcohol

Question 12

What is addition polymerization?

Answer 12

Addition of multiple monomers to form a polymer. They usually have low melting points and are very soft. They tend to be in different lengths and don’t have consistent weights. Alkenes are important in addition polymerization because they break the double bonding

Question 13

What is teflon?

Answer 13

teflon is C2F4 and it is very inert and used in non-stick frying pans.

Question 14

what is an isomer?

Answer 14

an isomer has the same molecular formula but has a different structure.

Question 15

chloromethane + sodium hydroxide = _______ + ________

Chloromethane + water = _________ + ________

Chloromethane + ammonia = ________ + ________

Answer 15

methanol + sodium chloride.

Methanol + Hydrochloric acid

Methanamine + Hydrochloric acid.

Question 16

what is the equation for esterification? what type of reaction is this equation?

Answer 16

alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + water

with a H+ as the catalyst.

it is also a condensation reaction

Question 17

what is a primary alcohol?

Answer 17

a primary alcohol is where there is only one carbon attached to the carbon which has the alcohol functional group attached to it.

Question 18

what is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 18

the secondary alcohol has two carbons joined to the carbon which has the alcohol functional group attached to it.

Question 19

what is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 19

A tertiary alcohol has three carbons joined to the carbon which has the alcohol functional group attached to it. the tertiary structure of an alcohol causes it to be unable to undergo an oxidation reaction.

Question 20

what does the bromine test do?

Answer 20

Bromine tests whether there are any double bonds are present but it doesn’t show if there are carbonyl double bonding.

if there is a double bond the bromine will go from being a red-brown color to colorless.