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Chemistry > ORGANIC CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

Saturated

A

single bonds only aka alkANEs

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2
Q

Unsaturated

A

compounds which contain double or triple bonds

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3
Q

Aliphatics

A

no benzene ring (sat or unsat)

ex- alkanes or alkenes

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4
Q

Arenes

A

contain benzene ring ALL UNSATURATED

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5
Q

Electrophile

A

Attracted to parts of molecule that are electron rich; positive ions have partial POSITIVE charge

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6
Q

Nucleophile

A

Electron rich, thus it is attracted to areas with no electrons.

have lone pair and may have negative charge

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7
Q

Addition reaction

A

occurs when two reactants combine to form a single product

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8
Q

Substitution Reaction

A

occurs when one atom or group of atoms in a compound is replaced by a different atom or group

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9
Q

Elimination Reaction

A

Occurs when a small molecule is lost from a larger compund, usually results in double or triple bond formation.

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10
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

Elimination reaction when water is eliminated

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11
Q

Addition - Elimination

A

Occurs when two reactants join together and in the process a small molecule is lost

AKA condnesation reaction and peptide bonds

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12
Q

Homolytic fission

A

when a covalent bond breaks by splitting the shared pair of electrons between the two products

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13
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

when a covalent bond breaks with both the shared electrons going to one of the products

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14
Q

Successive members of a homologous series differ by a -CH2 group

A

Also can be represented by CnH2n+2

They also share similar chemical properties

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15
Q

The molecular formula of a compound is the actual number of atoms of each element present.

A

ywa

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16
Q

Give the first six stem names in IUPAC

A 
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
17
Q

What is a structural isomer

A

same molecular formula differing arrangement of atoms yeah bish

18
Q

Fact: Branched-chain isomers have weaker intermolecular forces and hence lower boiling point uh duh

A

j

19
Q

List most volatile to least volatile (functional groups go)

A

Alane, halagenoalkane, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid

(All Hal Ald Karl Alc Carl)

20
Q

Now the less volatile means…

A

That they molecule has strong intermolecular forces and thus a higher boiling point. aka carboxylic acid.

21
Q

Describe solubility of hydrocarbons.

A

Hydrocarbons are non polar. The more hydrocarbons within a molecule the less soluble.

22
Q

Describe Combustion in alkanes

A

Excess oxygen
- Co2 and water produced

Limited oxygen
- CO and water

Extremely limited oxygen
- carbon and water

23
Q

What are the substitution reactions of alkanes?

A

Free Radicals.

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

24
Q

General formula for alKENE

A

CnH2n

25
Q

pi is weak

A

refering to the fact that in alkanes there are double bonds and double bonds are made up of a sigma and pi bond and hte pi bond is soft aka the weaker bond bye

26
Q

also alkenes are useful cause

A

they undergo addition reactions easily

starting materials in the manufacture of many industrially important chemicals

27
Q

Lets talk about alkenes. Describe how they react with:

Hydrogen
Halogens
Hydrogen Halides
Water

A

Hydrogen: form alkanes in presence of nickel catalyst at 150 C
Halogens: di-halogeno compounds
Hydrogen Halides: halogenoalkanes
Water: alcohol

28
Q

Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes

A

Alkenes: double bones, addition reactions

29
Q

Outline the use of bromine water to determine alkane from alkene

A

Bromine water is DECOLORIZED by alkENE

Bromine water remains the same in alkANE

this is cause alkane loves bromine water for who she is and doesn’t want to change her. yeah

30
Q

General formula for alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

31
Q

Describe an alcohol

A

-OH group is POLAR so decreases the volatility and increases solubility

32
Q

Describe the combustion of alcohols

A
  • typically Co2 and water

in limited supply of oxy
- monoxide or simply carbon

Chemistry (15 decks)

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