ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Saturated

Answer 1

single bonds only aka alkANEs

Question 2

Unsaturated

Answer 2

compounds which contain double or triple bonds

Question 3

Aliphatics

Answer 3

no benzene ring (sat or unsat)

ex- alkanes or alkenes

Question 4

Arenes

Answer 4

contain benzene ring ALL UNSATURATED

Question 5

Electrophile

Answer 5

Attracted to parts of molecule that are electron rich; positive ions have partial POSITIVE charge

Question 6

Nucleophile

Answer 6

Electron rich, thus it is attracted to areas with no electrons.

have lone pair and may have negative charge

Question 7

Addition reaction

Answer 7

occurs when two reactants combine to form a single product

Question 8

Substitution Reaction

Answer 8

occurs when one atom or group of atoms in a compound is replaced by a different atom or group

Question 9

Elimination Reaction

Answer 9

Occurs when a small molecule is lost from a larger compund, usually results in double or triple bond formation.

Question 10

Dehydration reaction

Answer 10

Elimination reaction when water is eliminated

Question 11

Addition - Elimination

Answer 11

Occurs when two reactants join together and in the process a small molecule is lost

AKA condnesation reaction and peptide bonds

Question 12

Homolytic fission

Answer 12

when a covalent bond breaks by splitting the shared pair of electrons between the two products

Question 13

Heterolytic fission

Answer 13

when a covalent bond breaks with both the shared electrons going to one of the products

Question 14

Successive members of a homologous series differ by a -CH2 group

Answer 14

Also can be represented by CnH2n+2

They also share similar chemical properties

Question 15

The molecular formula of a compound is the actual number of atoms of each element present.

Answer 15

ywa

Question 16

Give the first six stem names in IUPAC

Answer 16

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex

Question 17

What is a structural isomer

Answer 17

same molecular formula differing arrangement of atoms yeah bish

Question 18

Fact: Branched-chain isomers have weaker intermolecular forces and hence lower boiling point uh duh

Answer 18

j

Question 19

List most volatile to least volatile (functional groups go)

Answer 19

Alane, halagenoalkane, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid

(All Hal Ald Karl Alc Carl)

Question 20

Now the less volatile means…

Answer 20

That they molecule has strong intermolecular forces and thus a higher boiling point. aka carboxylic acid.

Question 21

Describe solubility of hydrocarbons.

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons are non polar. The more hydrocarbons within a molecule the less soluble.

Question 22

Describe Combustion in alkanes

Answer 22

Excess oxygen
- Co2 and water produced

Limited oxygen
- CO and water

Extremely limited oxygen
- carbon and water

Question 23

What are the substitution reactions of alkanes?

Answer 23

Free Radicals.

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

Question 24

General formula for alKENE

Answer 24

CnH2n

Question 25

pi is weak

Answer 25

refering to the fact that in alkanes there are double bonds and double bonds are made up of a sigma and pi bond and hte pi bond is soft aka the weaker bond bye

Question 26

also alkenes are useful cause

Answer 26

they undergo addition reactions easily starting materials in the manufacture of many industrially important chemicals

Question 27

Lets talk about alkenes. Describe how they react with: Hydrogen Halogens Hydrogen Halides Water

Answer 27

Hydrogen: form alkanes in presence of nickel catalyst at 150 C Halogens: di-halogeno compounds Hydrogen Halides: halogenoalkanes Water: alcohol

Question 28

Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes

Answer 28

Alkenes: double bones, addition reactions

Question 29

Outline the use of bromine water to determine alkane from alkene

Answer 29

Bromine water is DECOLORIZED by alkENE Bromine water remains the same in alkANE this is cause alkane loves bromine water for who she is and doesn't want to change her. yeah

Question 30

General formula for alcohol

Answer 30

CnH2n+1OH

Question 31

Describe an alcohol

Answer 31

-OH group is POLAR so decreases the volatility and increases solubility

Question 32

Describe the combustion of alcohols

Answer 32

- typically Co2 and water in limited supply of oxy - monoxide or simply carbon