Acids and bases

Question 1

What is the Brønsted-Lowry theory?

Answer 1

Focuses on the acid-base relationship in terms of protons.

Acid- proton donor
Base - proton acceptor

Question 2

What is the difference between a conjugate base and conjugate acid?

Answer 2

One proton.

Question 3

In terms of the BL theory what is an amphoteric substance?

Answer 3

A substance that has a lone pair of electrons and hydrogen that can be released as H+.

Question 4

What is the Lewis theory?

Answer 4

Focuses on the acid-base relationship in terms of electrons.

A lewis acids is an electron pair acceptor
A lewis base is an electron pair donor

Question 5

What are ligands?

Answer 5

Substances the donate lone paris.

Question 6

Distinguish between bases and alkalis.

Answer 6

Bases- substances which accept H+

Alkalis - substances which form OH- ions in solution (dissolved in water)

Question 7

What is an acid-base indicator? Give an example.

Answer 7

Substance that change color reversibly according to the concentration of H+ ions.

Ex. Litmus (pink in acid; blue in alkali)

Question 8

Describe the colors of methyl orange, litmus, and phenolphthalein in acids and bases.

Answer 8

Acids: red, pink, colourless

Alkali(bases): yellow, blue, pink

Question 9

What is a salt? What three ways can an acid react to form salts>

Answer 9

A salt refers to the compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or another positive ion.

1. Acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen
2. Acid + base –> salt +water
3. Acid + carbonate –> salt + water + co2

Question 10

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 10

A species that does not change during the reaction. Can be cancelled out in the equation.

Question 11

Equation for neutralization?

Answer 11

H+ + oh- –> H2O

Question 12

What is effervescence?

Answer 12

Bubbles produced during the reaction with an acid due to gas being given off.

Question 13

Distinguish between acids and bases.

Answer 13

Bases - produce OH-

Acids - produce H+

Question 14

If the equilibrium lies RIGHT, what type of acid is it?

Answer 14

A strong acid.

Question 15

If the equilibrium lies LEFT, what type of acid is it?

Answer 15

A weak acid.

Question 16

Name 3 strong acids.

Answer 16

1. HCL
2. HNO3
3. H2SO4

Question 17

Name 4 strong bases.

Answer 17

1. LiOH
2. NaOH
3. KOH
4. Ba(OH)2

Question 18

What determines the strength of the acids/bases

Answer 18

The stronger acid/bases have a HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF IONS.

Because of this they have better conductivity.
Stronger Acids will have a faster rate of reaction.

Question 19

What is the pH scale?

Answer 19

It is the measure of H+ concentration.

Question 20

Formula for pH,

Answer 20

pH= log10 [H+]

Question 21

True of false?

The pH number is inversely related to the [H+]

Answer 21

True.

Solution with a high [H+] have a lower pH.

Question 22

True or false

A change of one pH init represents a 10-fold change in [H+]

Answer 22

True

Question 23

How does one measure pH?

Answer 23

Universal indicator paper or solution.

pH meter - reads H+ concentration

Question 24

Amines are typically…

Answer 24

Weak bases