Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define: Hydrocarbon
Compounds that only contain Hydrogen and Carbon atoms only
Define: Saturated
Contain maximum number of hydrogen for given number of carbon
Define: Unsaturated
The presence of the double bond mean they don’t have as many hydrogen
Formula for Alkane
Cn H2n+2
Formula for Alkene
Cn H2n
Homologous series
Similar structural and Chemical properties, due to similar bonding
General Formula
Alkane/Alkene physical trends
1,2,3,4 - Carbon - Gasses
5,6,7,8 - Carbon - Liquids
Alkane Combustion
Burn in oxygen
Enough they will give carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete combustion
Not enough oxygen
Carbon monoxide/carbon (soot) produced instead of CO2
Why is CO poisonous?
Combines with haemoglobin instead of oxygen
Substitution reaction
Alkane is substituted by a different atom, like in the reaction with bromine
Test for C=C
Shake organic compound with bromine water and the orange water is decolourised. Same for gas, but bubble through the water
Alcohols
Contain a -OH group onto the carbon chain
Ethanol by Fermentation
Yeast is added to starch and left in warm (30-40*C)
Absence of air.
Enzymes convert sugar into ethanol and CO2
Ethanol by hydration of Ethene
Ethene is passed over steam with Phosphoric acid Catalyst
300*C, 60-70 atm. Unreacted material is recycled