Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry New > Chemistry Definitions > Flashcards

Chemistry Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of: acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of: acid-alkali indicator

A

A substance used to show if a solution is acidic or alkaline. It will have a different colour in each type of solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of: acidic solution

A

A solution that has a pH < 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of: acidic rain

A

Rain that has a pH < 5; produced when gases such as sulfur dioxide dissolve in rainwater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of: activation energy

A

The minimum energy required by colliding particles for reaction to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of: alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of: alkaline solution

A

A solution that has a pH > 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition of: alkane

A

A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of: alkene

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of: anion

A

A negatively charred ion. For example, Cl- , O^2- , OH- , NO3- , etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of: atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of: atomic number

A

The number if protons in the nucleus of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of: base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid to form a salt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of: bauxite

A

The main ore of aluminium, from which aluminium is extracted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definition of: brine

A

A concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of: catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but which is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition of: cation

A

A positively charged ion. For example, Na+ , Mg^2+ , Al^3+ , NH4+ , etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Definition of: combustion

A

A chemical reaction involving burning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Definition of: compound

A

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Definition of: contact process

A

The name of the industrial process used for making sulfuric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Definition of: corrosion

A

A chemical reaction between a metal and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition of: covalent bond

A

The force of attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and a pair of electrons shared between them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Definition of: cracking

A

The process of breaking long-chain alkane molecules into short-chain alkanes and alkenes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Definition of: crude oil

A

A naturally occurring mixture of many hydrocarbons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Definition of: cryolite

A

A mineral of aluminium used in its molten form for dissolving aluminium oxide in the electrolytic manufacture of aluminium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Definition of: decomposition

A

Breaking down a compound into simpler substances (either elements and/or other compounds).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Definition of: diffusion

A

The movement of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Definition of: displacement reaction

A

A reaction in which one substance replaces another, for example chlorine displacing bromine from a bromide or zinc displacing copper from a copper salt or zinc displacing copper from copper(II) oxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Definition of: distillation

A

The process of separating a liquid from a solution of a solid in the liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Definition of: dynamic equilibrium

A

The condition that exists when the rate of the forward and backward reactions in a reversible reaction mixture are equal.

31
Q

Definition of: effervescence

A

The rapid production of bubbles of gas produced during a reaction taking place in aqueous solution.

32
Q

Definition of: electrode

A

A solid electrical conductor that forms the connection between the electrolyte and the external electrical circuit in electrolysis.

33
Q

Definition of: electrolysis

A

The decomposition of a substance by passing an electric current through it.

34
Q

Definition of: electronic configuration

A

The way that the electrons are arranged into shells in an atom, for example Na 2.8.1

35
Q

Definition of: electron

A

A negatively charged sub-atomic particle with next to no mass.

36
Q

Definition of: element

A

A substance made up of atoms that all contain the same number of protons

37
Q

Definition of: empirical formula

A

Proportions of elements available in a compound

38
Q

Definition of: endothermic reaction

A

A reaction that takes in heat energy

39
Q

Definition of: exothermic reaction

A

A reaction that gives out heat energy.

40
Q

Definition of: Faraday constant

A

The quantity of electric charge carried by one mole of electrons.

41
Q

Definition of: fermentation

A

The conversion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

42
Q

Definition of: flame test

A

A method of identifying a metal cation by the colour it produces in a non-luminous Bunsen flame.

43
Q

Definition of: fraction

A

A mixture containing several compounds all of which have similar boiling points.

44
Q

Definition of: fractional distillation

A

The process of separating the liquids in a mixture of miscible liquids, using the fact that the liquids have different boiling points.

45
Q

Definition of: Haber process

A

The name of the industrial process used for making ammonia.

46
Q

Definition of: halogen

A

An element in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

47
Q

Definition of: homologous series

A

A group of organic compounds in which each member differs from the next member by a –CH2– unit.

48
Q

Definition of: hydrocarbon

A

A compound made up of only the elements hydrogen and carbon.

49
Q

Definition of: immiscible liquids

A

Liquids that do not mix together.

50
Q

Definition of: intermolecular force

A

The force of attraction between individual molecules.

51
Q

Definition of: ion

A

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms e.g. Na+ , Cl- , NH4+ , SO4^2-

52
Q

Definition of: ionic bond

A

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.

53
Q

Definition of: isomers

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae.

54
Q

Definition of: isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that have different masses. They contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

55
Q

Definition of: litmus

A

The most common acid-alkali indicator. It is red in a solution with a pH 8.

56
Q

Definition of: mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

57
Q

Definition of: metallic bond

A

The force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons in a metal.

58
Q

Definition of: mineral

A

A rock found in the Earth’s crust that contains a metal or a metal compound.

59
Q

Definition of: miscible liquids

A

Liquids that can mix together.

60
Q

Definition of: mixture

A

A combination of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are not chemically joined together.

61
Q

Definition of: molar enthalpy change

A

The net heat energy change per mole in a chemical reaction.

62
Q

Definition of: molar volume

A

The volume of one mole of a gas. At r.t.p it is 24dm^3.

63
Q

Definition of: mole

A

The amount of substance containing 6 x 10^23 particles (atoms, modules or formulae) of the substance.

64
Q

Definition of: molecular formula

A

The exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance.

65
Q

Definition of: molecule

A

The smallest particle of a substance that can have a separate, independent existence.

66
Q

Definition of: monatomic molecule

A

A molecule that contains only one atom ( e.g. Those of the noble gases).

67
Q

Definition of: monomer

A

The unit molecule from which a polymer is made.

68
Q

Definition of: neutralisation

A

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt.

69
Q

Definition of: neutral solution

A

A solution that has a pH of 7.

70
Q

Definition of: neutron

A

A neutral sub-atomic present in the nucleus of an atom.

71
Q

Definition of: ore

A

A mineral that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound to make it worthwhile extracting the metal.

72
Q

Definition of: oxidation

A

The removal of electrons from a substance, or the addition of oxygen.

73
Q

Definition of: oxidising agent

A

A substance that is capable of oxidising another substance.

74
Q

Definition of: Periodic Table

A

A table in which thy elements are arranged on order of increasing atomic number. Elements with similar properties appear in the same groups (vertical columns).

Chemistry New (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions