Organic Chemistry Flashcards
organic chemicals
covalent molecules based on the element carbon
hydrogen forms how many bonds?
1 covalent
carbon forms how many bonds?
4 covalent
oxygen forms how many bonds?
2 covalent
functional group
the part of a molecule which determines how it reacts
(molecules with the same functional group (eg -OH) react similarly
hydrocarbon chain
chain consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together
homologous series definition
a series of organic molecules which have the same functional group, but each successive member has an additional carbon
hydrocarbons
covalent molecules containing only the elements hydrogen and carbon bonded together
saturated meaning
only contains carbon - carbon single covalent bonds
(e.g methane, ethane)
unsaturated meaning
has two or more covalent bonds between carbon — carbon atoms
hydrocarbon order (alkanes)
methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane
what are alkanes
hydrocarbons which only have single bonds between carbon atoms
alkane (general formula)
C(n)H(2n+2)
hydrocarbon list (alkene)
ethene
propene
butene
pentene
hexene
heptene
octene
nonene
decene
alkenes meaning
unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one c–c double covalent bond
(e.g butene)
alkene formula
C(n)H(2n)
alkyne meaning
unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one c—c triple covalent bond
alkyne formula
C(2)H(2)
alkyne list
ethyne
propyne
butyne
pentyne
hexyne
heptyne
octyne
nonyne
decyne
rule for naming alkenes
position the double bond in direction of where the smallest carbon chain is
(e.g: c–c-c would be prop-1-ene)
