Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Name 10 of the alkanes and how many carbons/hydrogens they all have
Methane - CH4
Ethane - C2H6
Propane - C3H8
Butane - C4H10
Pentane - C5H12
Hexane - C6H14
Heptane - C7H16
Octane - C8H18
Nonane - C9H20
Decane - C10H22
Ethers and how to name them
Molecules with an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms;
Named by the shortest carbon chain first with the suffix -oxy and the longest chain named second
What are constitutional isomers?
Molecules that have the same formula but different spatial arrangements
Cis
Functional groups are on the same side as each other
Trans
Functional groups are on opposite sides from each other
True or false: aromatic hydrocarbons are reactive
False despite being unsaturated like alkenes and alkynes which are reactive
Alcohol + carboxylic acid =
Ester + water (esterification)
Explain amides and what produces them
-Contain nitrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group
-Carboxylic acid + amine (amidation)
Ester
Similar to carboxylic acid since they have a carbonyl group with a second oxygen bound to the carbon in the group. However in esters the second oxygen is bound to a carbon atom
Carboxylic acid
Similar to esters but the second oxygen bound to the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen atom
Suffix for each hydrocarbon
Alkane: ane
Alkene: ene
Alkyne: yne
Alcohols: ol
Ethers: oxy
Aldehydes: al
Ketone: one
Carboxylic acid: oic acid
Ester: oate
Amine: ine
Amides: amide
