Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define organic (old and new definitions)
old - chemicals that come from living organisms
new - compounds based on carbon, with other elements such as H, O, N
Define homologous series
a group of chemicals with the same general formula, a pattern of physical properties and similar chemical properties
Define hydrocarbons
compounds consisting of only C + H atoms
Define alkanes
hydrocarbons with only single bonds
How do you name organic substances?
prefix (additional atoms)
root of word (noº of C atoms)
suffix (homologous series)
What do you call an alkane with 2 C atoms?
ethane
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ ₊ ₂
Fill in the root of the word for each of the number of C atoms:
noº of C atoms
1 -
2-
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
1 - meth
2- eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec
Write the structural formula for butane
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ or CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₃
What are the physical properties of alkanes?
What are the mpt, viscosity, volatility, and color like?
- covalent discrete
mpt
- increases due to more IMFs
viscosity
- increrases due to more IMFs and larger molecules inter-twine
volatility
- decreases due to increasing bpt
color
- colorless → yellow → black
Define viscosity
resistance to liquid flow
Define volatility
ease of turning into a gas
To recap: What are the properties of covalent discretes?
- low mpt
- insulation
- soluble in oils
Define isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms (dif. structural formula)
Define prefix
any additional atoms not yet included
