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Chemistry IGCSE > Corrosion > Flashcards

Corrosion Flashcards

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1
Q

Define corrosion

A

the reaction of metals to form compounds causing their properties to change

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2
Q

metal + oxygen →

A

metal oxide

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3
Q

metal + water →

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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4
Q

metal + acid →

A

salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

CO₂ + H₂O →

A

H₂CO₃

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6
Q

SO₂ + H₂O →

A

H₂SO₃

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7
Q

What is Al³⁺ used for?

A

airplanes

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8
Q

Write an ionic equation for:
Al + H₂SO₃ → Al₂(SO₃)₃ + H₂

What happens when the electrons move from Al to H⁺ ions?

A

2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₃(aq) → Al₂(SO₃)₃(aq) + 3H₂ (g)

2Al + 6H → 2Al ³⁺ + 3H₂

The properties of the metal changes

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9
Q

Where does corrosion happen?

A

at the surface of metals

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10
Q

Since metal oxides are insoluble, what happens when they corrode?

A

a protective layer is formed

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11
Q

Why does aluminium appear much less reactive than is actually is?

A

because when the aluminium reacts with the oxygen from the air, it creates a protective layer and therefore the pure metal cannot corrode.

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12
Q

What happens when iron reacts with oxygen/water?

A

it corrodes and rusts

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13
Q

Complete the equation:
iron + oxygen + water →

A

hydrated iron(lll)oxide

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14
Q

What does hydrated iron(lll)oxide represent?

A

rusting

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15
Q

What look does rust have?

A

a flaky look

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16
Q

Does rust protect the iron underneath it?

A

no, oxygen and water can still enter through the flakes of rust and the iron underneath it can still react

17
Q

What are the 2 methods that could be used to protect iron?

A

1) cover iron with paint, oil, or other metal (best option)

2) sacrificial protection

18
Q

Explain sacrificial protection used on iron

A

cover iron with a more reactive element that reacts instead of the iron

19
Q

What is the only metal that when used for sacrificial protection has another name? What is that name?

A

Zn - galvanising

20
Q

What is an experiment that can be used to show the conditions of iron for rusting?

A

tt 1 - iron, water, air
tt 2 - iron, boiled water, oil
tt 3 - iron, air, CaCl₂
tt 4 - iron, water, salt, air

tt - test tube

21
Q

What are the results for the experiment to show conditions of Fe for rusting and why?

A

tt 1 - rust
tt 2 - no rust because boiled water removes oxygen and oil prevents oxygen from entering
tt 3 - no rust because CaCl₂ is anhydrous so it removes water
tt 4 - rusts lots because salt is the catalyst for rusting

tt - test tube

22
Q

What can happen to energy during a chemical reaction (process)?

A

energy can either be absorbed or released from / to the surroundings

23
Q

Define exothermic

A

energy released (temp. increases)

24
Q

Define endothermic

A

energy absorbed (temp. decreases)

25
Q

Can energy change in a reaction be measured? If so, how? If not, why?

A

yes it can, it is measured as enthalpy change

26
Q

Define enthalpy

A

energy stored in chemicals that can be released as heat (stored in bonds)

27
Q

What is the symbol and unit for enthalpy change?

A

symbol - △H
unit - KJ / mol

28
Q

Define Ea (activation energy)

A

minimum energy required for particles to react

29
Q

When a reaction is exothermic,
energy in reactants < or > energy in products

A

>

30
Q

What is shown by the blue arrow?

What is shown by the blue arrow?
A

Ea, activation energy

31
Q

What should be on the x-axis of an energy profile and what should be on the y-axis?

A

x-axis = time / progress of reaction

y-axis = activation energy

Check page on energetics (9th grade)

32
Q

When a reaction is endothermic,
energy in reactants < or > energy in products

A

<

33
Q

What is the equation of energy in a reaction

A

q = mc△T

energy in reaction (J)
= mass of chemical being heated * (specific heat capacity - water =4.18 J/ºc/g) * temperature change (ºc/K)

Chemistry IGCSE (12 decks)

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