Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEMISTRY > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon are organic compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the sources of fossil fuels

A

1.decayed plants & animals
2. organic compounds such as fossil duels and carbon
3. fossil fuels are burnt in presence of oxygen = combustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the types of fossil fuels

A
  1. crude oil
  2. natural gases
  3. coal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is crude oil found

A

crude oil is found in sea beds or underground on land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are natural gases found

A

methane found in crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is coal found

A

mainly carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define petroleum (crude oil)

A

petroleum is aliquid mixture of hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what method is used to separate crude oil/ petroleum

A

fractional distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what us the abbreviation for crude oil

A

pretty people never kiss dirty looking boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the substances obtained from crude oil

A

petroleum
petrol
naphtha
kerosene
diesel oil
lubricating oil
bitumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are fractions pure substances

A

fractions are a mixture of substances that re not pure as they have varying boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

state the relation btw length and size of hydrocarbons and boiling point

A

the longer the hydrocarbon, the bigger the hydrocarbon the higher the boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is fractional distillation important for crude oils

A

as different fractions have different purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are biofuels

A

biofuels are renewable energy sources that come from animals and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the process to obtain biofuels

A

biofuels burn = CO2 produce = absorbed by photosynthesises by sugar canes = no excess CO2 produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are biofuels obtained

A

by fermenting sugar in sugarcane plants

17
Q

what is the definition of homologues series

A

a group of organic compounds with the same general formula, same functional group having similar chemical properties and consecutive member differing from each other by a -CH2- unit

18
Q

what are the characteristics of crude oil

A
  1. general formula
  2. differs by -CH2- unit
  3. same functional group = same properties
  4. similar reactions
    5.gradual change in physical properties as molecular size inc
19
Q

what are the physical properties of homologues series

A

melting and boiling point
flammability
viscosity
density
solubility in organic solvent

20
Q

name the 1st 3 alkanes, name and no. of atoms

A

1, methane
2. ethane
3, propane

21
Q

what is a functional group

A

specific atoms bonded in certain arrangement that give a compound certain physical and chemical property

22
Q

what is the definition of alkanes

A

alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which have a c-c single bond

23
Q

what is the general formula of alkanes

A

CnH2+2

24
Q

what is the source of alkanes

A

crude oils

25
Q

what is the structure of alkanes

A

simple covalent molecular structure

26
Q

what is the physical properties of alkanes

A

low melting and boiling point due to simple covalent molecular structure with weak forces of attraction

solubility in organic solution

27
Q

what are the chemical reactions of alkanes

A
  1. combustion
  2. substitution
  3. cracking
28
Q

how does complete combustion work with alkanes

A

alkanes are burnt in the presence of excess oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O = complete combustion

29
Q

how does incomplete combustion work with alkanes

A

alkanes burn in the presence of limited oxygen to produce CO and H2O

30
Q

how does substitution work with alkanes

A

substitution is the reaction of saturated compounds & catalysed under the presence of uv light

31
Q

what is the definition of substitution

A

substitution is the process of an atom replaced by another atom or group of atoms

32
Q

what is the reaction given substitution

A

methan + cl =

33
Q

what is the definition of cracking

A

cracking is process where larger hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon molecules

34
Q

what are the conditions needed for cracking

A
  1. solid catalyst
  2. high temperature
35
Q

state the 2 general equations in cracking

A

large alkane = small alkene + small alkane

large alkane = small alkene + H2

36
Q

what is the importance of cracking

A

during fraction distillation of crude oil, large amount of the nigger alkanes molecules is obtained . cracking is important to the higher demands of fractions containing smaller molecules

37
Q

what does cracking provide

A

high quality gasoline
important raw materials - ethane and propane
source of hydrogen to make ammonia to make fertilizers

38
Q

what are the uses of alkanes

A

use as fuels
methane = main natural gas
alkanes = alkenes by cracking

39
Q
A

CHEMISTRY (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions