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organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

hydrocarbon

A

a molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon covelently bonded

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2
Q

fractional distilation

A

the process where crude oil is seperated into different compounds through evapouration

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3
Q

viscosity

A

the ability for liquid to flow

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4
Q

crude oil

A

a finite resource found in rocks , it is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud

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5
Q

what is crude oil made up of

A

a mixture of compounds mainly hydrocarbons

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6
Q

general formula for homogulous series alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

what does meth mean in chem

A

1

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8
Q

Name the finite resources found in rocks.

A

crude oil

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9
Q

What is crude oil formed from?

A

The remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud.

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10
Q

Why is crude oil classed as a mixture?

A

Contains a very large number of compounds.

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11
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only.

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12
Q

What is the main type of hydrocarbon found in crude oil?

A

Alkanes.

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13
Q

Recall the general forrmula for Alkanes.

A

CnH2n+2.

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14
Q

Name the first four members of Alkanes.

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane & Butane.

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15
Q

Recall the separation technique where crude oil is separated in fractions containing molecules with similar numbers of carbon.

A

Fractional Distillation

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16
Q

What can the fractions of crude oil be processed to produce?

A

Fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry.

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17
Q

Name 5 fuels we use in modern life that are produced from crude oil.

A

Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Heavy Fuel Oil & Liquified Petroleum Gas.

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18
Q

Name 4 useful materials which are produced by the petrolchemical industy.

A

Solvents, Lubricants, Polymers & Detergents.

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19
Q

What does the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds lead to?

A

A vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds.

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20
Q

Name two physical processes which occur in fractional distillation.

A

Heat, Evaporation, Cool and Condensation.

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21
Q

State the 3 properties which help use separate hydrocarbons into their different fractions (sizes).

A

Boiling Point, Viscosity and Flammability.

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22
Q

What can the differing properties of hydrocarbons influence?

A

How we used the hydrocarbons as fuels.

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23
Q

Recall how boiling point changes with increasing molecular size.

A

Boiling Point Increases.

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24
Q

Recall how viscosity changes with increasing molecular size.

A

Viscosity Increases.

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25
Recall how flammability changes with increasing molecular size.
Flammability Decreases.
26
What is released after the combustion of fuel?
Energy
27
What happens to carbon and hydrogen in the fuel during combustion.
They are Oxidised.
28
Name the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon.
Carbon Dioxide and Water.
29
Balance the following: CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O
30
State what we can do to long hydrocarbon chains to produce more useful products.
Cracking.
31
Name the 2 types of cracking.
Catalytic and Steam.
32
Recall the conditions used for catalytic cracking.
500oC and a zeolite catalyst.
33
Recall the conditions used for steam cracking.
750oC and 200 atmospheres.
34
What are the products of cracking?
An Alkane and a type of Alkene.
35
Which is more reactive, Alkanes or Alkenes? Why?
Alkenes due to their C=C double bond.
36
How do we test for Alkenes?
React Alkene with Bromine Water and it decolourises.
37
State the purpose of cracking.
To make small molecules which are in higher demand.
38
What are Alkenes used to make?
Polymers.
39
C18H38 --> C10H22 + _______
C18H38 --> C10H22 + C8H16
40
Which group of hydrocarbon contains carbon-carbon double bonds?
Alkenes.
41
Recall the general formula for Alkenes.
CnH2n.
42
Why are Alkenes classed as unsaturated?
They contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms.
43
Name the first four members of Alkenes.
Ethene, Propene, Butene and Pentene.
44
State the functional group found in Alkenes.
C=C.
45
What determines how a hydrocarbon reacts?
The functional group it contains.
46
Name the products formed after the combustion of Alkenes.
Carbon Dioxide and Water.
47
Why do Alkenes produce smoky flames when reacting with oxygen?
Due to imcomplete combustion.
48
What 3 substances to Alkenes react with?
Hydrogen, Water & Halogens.
49
What happens to the carbon-carbon double bond during a reaction.
The carbon-carbon double bond becomes a carbon-carbon single bond.
50
State the functional group found in Alcohols.
OH
51
Name the first four members of Alcohols.
Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol & Butanol.
52
Recall the product when sugar solution are fermented using yeast.
Ethanol.
53
State the conditions of fermentation.
37oC and Anaerobic.
54
Name this Alcohol: C3H7OH.
Propanol.
55
State the functional group found in Carboxylic Acids.
COOH.
56
Name the first four members of Alcohols.
Methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, Propanoic acid and Butanoic acid.
57
Name the products when Carboxylic Acids react with Carbonates.
Salt, Water & Carbon Dioxide.
58
What happens to Carboxylic Acids after they are dissolved in water?
They partially dissociate in water .
59
Name the products when Carboxylic Acids react with Alcohols.
An Ester and Water.
60
What strength of Acid are Carboxylic Acids?
Weak Acids and have pH between 3-6.
61
Name this Carboxylic Acid: CH3COOH
Ethanoic Acid
62
Name the ester produced after the reaction between Ethanoic Acid and Ethanol.
Ethyl Ethanoate.
63
What type of polymerisation is used to make poly(ethene) & Poly(Propene)?
Addition
64
What happens during additon polymerisation?
Many small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers).
65
Why is no other molecule formed in additon polymerisation?
The repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
66
How many functional groups are required during condensation polymerisation?
2
67
Why is condensation polymerisation called condensation polymerisation?
A small molecule of water is produced.
68
State the type of Ester formed between Ethane Diol and Hexanedioic Acid.
Polyester.
69
How many functional groups do Amino Acids have?
2
70
What is produce after Amino Acids react by Condensation Polymerisation?
Polypeptides.
71
What is a long chain of Amino Acids called?
Protein.
72
Name a large molecule found in the nucleus of a cell which is essential for life.
DNA.
73
What does DNA encode?
Genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms and viruses.
74
Recall the monomer of DNA.
Nucleotides.
75
State the shape / structure of DNA.
Double Helix.
76
Name 3 naturally occuring polymers which are important for life.
Proteins, Starch & Cellulose.

Chemistry (5 decks)

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