Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Units of Unsaturation
Type of bond between Mg and Nitrogens
Coordinate Covalent Bond
Ligand donates lone pair e, metal donates empty orbitals
Tertiary Amine
Amide
How man electrons does the N atoms contribute to the pi bond?
1 e for sigma bond
2 e for pi bond
The overlap of what two orbitals form the pi bond between carbon atoms in an alkene
two p orbitals
Most strong intermolecular bond
H-bond
Epimer
Different at just 1 carbon
How many carbon-carbond bonds in the structure shown below have conformers?
2, double bonds rotate, but sigma bonds can
E Z Geometrical Isomer priority
Atomic number
Tertiary carbons>2>1
(l) rotates…
clockwise
(d) rotates…
another name for (d)-carvone….
(d) rotates clockwise
(d) carvone=(+) carvone
What is the relationship between (+) and (-)
enantiomers
Meso Compound example
1,2, cis di bromo cyclo pentane
Enantiomer Definition
Non-superimposable
Mirror Image
Resolution process
A process that seperates enantiomers using a chiral column
What type of carbon would be most reactive in a radical reaction
Least reactive?
3 Tertiary - just has 1 hydrogen
Tertiary won’t react because there are no Hydrogens to pull off
Monohalogenation rules
I is selective
Br is selective, only tertiary carbons
Cl is not selective
F are reactive, not selective, so any type of carbon works. In fact, if there are 2 primary carbons (CH3) and one secondary carbon (CH2), you’ll see more F on primary carbons
Given than benzene molecules with symmetry pack better in a crystalline structure raising the melting point, which of the following would have the greatest melting point?
ortho, para, or meta dichlorobenzene
Para has 2 axis of symmetry, ortho and meta has only one. Para dichlorobenzene will have the greatest melting point
Electron donating groups
Can be recognized by the lone pairs on the atom atjacent to the p system
OMe, NH2, OH, OR,
Weakly activating: -CH=CR2
Activate: Ortho, Para
Adds e- density=makes it more nucleophilic
Electron Withdrawing
Can be recognized either by adjacent atom to the p system having several bonds to more electronegatie atoms OR having a formal + charge
Deactivating groups direct META
EXCEPT Halogens, which deactivate but direct ORTHO, PARA
Removes e- density=makes it less nucleophilic
NO2
When does a hydride shift occur?
It occurs when the carbocation formed is primary and there is the ability to shift to a more stable secondary or tertiary carbocation.
What happens when an alcohol is treated with sulfuric acid?
OH becomes protonated
H2O leaves, creating carbocation
H from adjacent carbon pulls off to donate e-, creating ALKENE
Alkene + HBr rules
Markovnikov
Br- on most stable carbocation
