Chemistry Flashcards
Shielding
Amount of shielding the highest energy electron feels is determined by number of filled shells in that atom (inner core atoms), as well as subshells within an energy level
2 Elements in the same row has same number of inner core electrons. However, highest energy electrons in the p subshell are shielded by s subshell.
More shielding=more to the right.
Ionic Force with an Ion
Coulomb’s law
kqq/(r^2), so strongest ionic force will be with smallest radius, and largest charge.
(i.e. Magnesium has smaller radius than calcium, and higher charge than potassium
Ionization Energy
Opposite to radius
Atoms and ions with valence electrons close to the nucleus require more energy, than farther
Up, and to the right.
Smaller one will have greater ionization energy in column.
Fusion
Melting
STP
0C, 1atm, 1 mol 22.4L
Hybridization of central atom
XeOF4
O F Xe F F ** F five bonds and 1 lone electron pair=6 electron groups Needs 6 hybrid orbitals 1S, 3P, 2D sp3d2
electron capture
addition of an electron to the nucleus
proton becomes a neutron
Calculate energy required to cool (to boiling point)
q=mc(T)
Cgas=from gas to liquid
Beta Decay
Weak Nuclear Force
Beta- decay
Beta+ decay
Electron capture
Beta- Decay
Too many neutrons in nucleus
Converts neutron into proton and electron (B- particle)
MCAT: beta decay, usually means Beta- Decay
Decrease Neutron, Increase Proton
Beta + Decay
Too FEW neutrons in nucleus
Converts Proton into Neutron and a Positron
Increase Neutron, Decrease Proton
Electron Capture
Increase number of neutrons by capturing electron from the closes electron shell (n=1 shell)
Increase Neutrons, Decrease Protons
Electron configuration
4s is higher than 3d so when ionizing, remove from 4s
Exceptions are 4/10d and 9/10d, they steal an electron from 4s
don’t forget f-group
of neutrons
Mass - Protons
isotopes
Gas Solubility
Gases become less soluble as temperature increases
Phase change
Temperature remains constant
How many orbitals occupy f-subshell?
7!!!
one s orbita, 3 p orbitals, etc. Each orbital can hold 2 electrons
Car travelling at x m/s can stop at a distance dm with max deceleration. if the car is traveling at 2x m/s, what happens to the stopping time, stopping time and stopping distance
Stopping distance quadruples
Vf^2-Vi^2=2ax
Stopping time doubles
Vf-Vi=at
Wind blowing from the West means
It’s blowing to the East
On a graph, when velocity is ______ , acceleration is _____, and the position should show a _____ line.
Velocity is INCREASING, Acceleration is CONSTANT, and position should be PARABOLIC
