Organic chemistry

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

A mixture of long chain hydrocarbons (alkanes)

Question 2

How do you separate crude oil?

Answer 2

Fractional distillation

Question 3

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 3

1. Put crude oil at the bottom of the fractional column
2. Heat crude oil
3. As it evaporates collect each substance that come out each end

Question 4

Why do each substance in crude oil come out at different ends

Answer 4

Each substance recondense at different temperatures
Highest temperature at the bottom and lowest at the top

Question 5

What comes out each end of fractional column

Answer 5

Top = LPG
2 = Petrol
3 = Paraffin
4 = Diesel
Bottom = Butuen

Question 6

Alkane formule

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

Alkane examples

Answer 7

Methane = CH4
Ethane = C2H6
Propane = C3H8
Butane = C4H10

Question 8

What are alkanes used in?

Answer 8

As fuels in combustion
- react with o2 to burn

Question 9

What happened when there incomplete combustion

Answer 9

Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced rather than carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 10

Alkene formule

Answer 10

CnH2n

Question 11

Alkene exampleS

Answer 11

Ethene = C2H4
Propene = C3H6

Question 12

What do alkenes have that alkanes dont

Answer 12

Double carbon bonds

Question 13

How to test for alkenes

Answer 13

Changing orange bromine water colourless of alkenes present in substance

Question 14

What is cracking

Answer 14

Changing alkanes to alkenes through a catalyst reaction

Question 15

What happens in cracking reaction

Answer 15

The alkanes are spilt by boiling them at high temperatures (550’C)
When cracking alkanes it gives you short chain alkanes and long chain alkenes

Question 16

What are polymers

Answer 16

Big molecules made from small monomers

Question 17

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 17

Joining of molecules with different functional groups on each end

Question 18

Functional groups

Answer 18

OH-
COOH-