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Chemistry > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is crude oil

A

A fossil fuel formed in underground rock. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed

A

Tiny marine plants and animals died and were buried. Over time they were covered by layers of silt and sand
Over millions of years, the remains were buried deeper and deeper. The enormous heat and pressure turned the remains into oil and natural gas
Today, we drill down through layers of sand, silt and rock to reach the oil and natural gas deposits

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound consisting of entirely hydrogen and carbon atoms

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4
Q

What is an alkane

A

A saturated hydrocarbon

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5
Q

What are the properties of alkanes

A

Only have single bonds
Have the general formula CnH2n+2
They are a homologous series (same general formula and similar properties)

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6
Q

What are the first 4 alkanes

A

Methane (CH4)
Ethane (C2H6)
Propane (C3H8)
Butane (C4H10)

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7
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

Crude oil is heated so it turns into a vapour
Vapours rise
Vapours cool and condense at different boiling points
The vapours cool because it is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
After the vapours condense, each fraction contains a mixture with similar boiling points
Fractions at the bottom have high boiling points and smaller molecules. Vice versa for the top

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8
Q

What is viscosity

A

How thick a liquid is

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9
Q

What is flammability

A

How easily a substance catches on fire

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10
Q

What happens when you go down the fractions (top to bottom)

A

Boiling point increases
Viscosity decrease
Flammability decreases

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11
Q

What is complete combustion

A

When a substance burns with a good supply of oxygen

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

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12
Q

What is an alkene

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon

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13
Q

What are the properties of alkenes

A

Contain a double bond
Have the general formula CnH2n
They are a homologous series (same general formula and similar properties)

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14
Q

What are the first 4 alkenes

A

Ethene (C2H4)
Propene (C3H6)
Butene (C4H8)
Pentene (C5H10)

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15
Q

What is cracking

A

The thermal decomposition of longer hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons

Long alkane → alkane + alkene

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16
Q

What are the types of cracking

A

Catalytic - alkanes are heated to a vapour and passed over a catalyst
Steam - alkanes are heated to a vapour, mixed with steam and heated to a high pressure

17
Q

What happens when you add bromine to an alkane and alkene

A

Alkane - stays orange
Alkene - orange to colourless

18
Q

What is an additional reaction and how does it work

A

The double bond in an alkene can open up
Two atoms can be bonded to the carbons where the double bond was

Chemistry (10 decks)

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