Organic Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Addition Reaction
A
reactions where the double bond opens up, allowing something else to react with the substance
2
Q
Alkane
A
hydrocarbon with only single bonds
3
Q
Methane
A
alkane with one carbon
4
Q
Ethane
A
alkane with two carbons
5
Q
Propane
A
alkane with three carbons
6
Q
Butane
A
alkane with four carbons
7
Q
Pentane
A
alkane with five carbons
8
Q
Sextane
A
alkane with six carbons
9
Q
Heptane
A
alkane with seven carbons
10
Q
Octane
A
alkane with eight carbons
11
Q
Nonane
A
alkane with nine carbons
12
Q
Decane
A
alkane with ten carbons
13
Q
Dodecane
A
alkane with twenty carbons
14
Q
Pentacosane
A
alkane with twenty-five carbons
15
Q
Alkene
A
hydrocarbon with double bonds
16
Q
Ethene
A
alkene with two carbons
17
Q
Propene
A
alkene with three carbons
18
Q
Butene
A
alkene with four carbons
19
Q
Pentene
A
alkene with five carbons
20
Q
Sextene
A
alkene with six carbons
21
Q
Heptene
A
alkene with seven carbons
22
Q
Octene
A
alkene with eight carbons
23
Q
Nonene
A
alkene with nine carbons
24
Q
Decene
A
alkene with ten carbons
25
Dodecene
alkene with twenty carbons
26
Pentacosene
alkene with twenty-five carbons
27
Amylopectin
a naturally occurring polymer made up of repeated glucose molecules arranged in chains, found in starch alongside amylose
28
Amylose
a naturally-occurring polymer made up of repeated glucose monomers with a helical structure, found in starch alongside amylose
29
Batch Process
a process that stops and starts, much cheaper equipment needed than continuous, but much more expensive labour costs
30
Bubble Trap
the part of the fractional tower that slows down molecules
31
Butanol
C4H10O
32
Butanoic Acid
C3H7COOH
33
Carbohydrates
oxygenated hydrocarbons
34
Carboxylic Acid
a homologous series with the functional group COOH
35
Cellulose
a naturally-occuring polymer found in the stems of plants and trees
36
Combustion of Alkenes
Alkenes, unlike alkanes, burn with a smokey yellow flame, combustion of alkenes is incomplete, and release less energy per mole in combustion than alkanes
37
Continuous Reaction
a process that can keep going indefinately
38
Cracking
reaction in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones
39
Crude Oil
a substance formed in rock that can be separated out into naphtha, diesel, petrol and bitumen
40
Dehydration
where water is removed
41
Electron Dense
having a density that prevents electrons from penetrating
42
Ester
monomers that join together to make polyester
43
Ethanol
C2H6O
44
Ethanoic Acid
CH3COOH
45
Fractional Distillation
allows the separation of substances
46
Functional Group
gives a family of compounds their characteristic reactions
47
Halogenation
a type of addition reaction where halogens are added
48
Homologous Series
the sequence of hydrocarbons
49
Hydration
a type of addition reaction where water is added
50
Hydrocarbon
compounds made only of hydrogen and carbon
51
Hydrogenation
a type of addition reaction where hydrogen is added
52
Intermolecular Forces
forces between molecules
53
Intramolecular Forces
forces within molecules
54
Lignin
a naturally-occuring polymer found in wood
55
Macromolecule
a large molecule made up of repeated subunits
56
Methanol
CH3OH
57
Methanoic Acid
HCOOH
58
Methylated Spirits
a mixture between ethanol and methanol
59
Micron
millionth of a metre
60
Monomer
small molecules that join together to form polymers
61
Natural Polymers
naturally-occurring polymers
62
Nucleotide
monomer used to make DNA
63
Oil Refinery
where fractional distillation happens and crude oil is separated out into molecules of similar sizes
64
Organic Chemistry
the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds
65
Paraffin Wax
C20H42
66
Polymer
molecules made out of long chains of hundreds of monomers, eg DNA, proteins
67
Polyethene
polymer made up ethene monomers
68
Polypropene
polymer made up of propene monomers
69
Polybutene
polymer made up of butene monomers
70
Polypentene
polymer made up of pentene monomers
71
Polysextene
polymer made up of sextene monomers
72
Polyheptene
polymer made up of heptene monomers
73
Polyoctene
polymer made up of octene monomers
74
Polynonene
polymer made up of nonene monomers
75
Polydecene
polymer made up of decene monomers
76
Polydodecene
polymer made up of dodecene monomers
77
Polypentacosene
polymer made up of pentacosene monomers
78
Polystyrene
polymer made up of styrene monomers
79
Polyester
polymer made up of ester monomers
80
Polyvinylchloride
polymer made up of vinyl chloride monomers
81
Polymerisation
the process by which polymers form
82
Polysacchride
a polymer made of many specific repeating glucose subunits
83
Pores
holes in sedimentary rock where crude oil is formed
84
Propanol
C3H8O
85
Propanoic Acid
C2H7COOH
86
Protein
polymers made up of amino acid monomers
87
Pulping
the process by which lignin and cellulose are separated to create paper
88
Repeating Unit
the bit of the polymer that repeats, which is different from the monomers as it breaks their double bond
89
Silicon Dioxide
sand
90
Styrene
a hydrocarbon with abnormal structure
91
Synthetic Polymers
manmade polymers
92
Thermosetting Polymers
polymers that do not soften when heated
93
Thermosoftening Polymers
polymers that soften when heated
94
Vinyl Chloride
H2C=CHCl
