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Chemistry GCSE > Chemistry Basics > Flashcards

Chemistry Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

Abundance

A

amount

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2
Q

Acid Concentration

A

how many particles of an acid are in one decimetre cubed, measured in mol/dm^3

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3
Q

Acid Strength

A

how ionised the acid is

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4
Q

Ammonia

A

NH4NO3

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5
Q

Anhydrous

A

without hydrogen

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6
Q

Aqueous

A

dissolved in water

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7
Q

Aspirin

A

C9H8O4

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8
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons, same as the number of electrons, can be taken away from the atomic mass to get the number of neutrons

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9
Q

Base

A

a substance that neutralises an acid and is insoluble

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10
Q

Bohr

A

in 1912, claimed that positive charge was concentrated in the nucleus, claimed electrons were in fixed positions on energy shells

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11
Q

Calorimetry

A

the science of measuring changes in state variables through heat transfer

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12
Q

Carbonic Acid

A

H2CO3

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13
Q

Chromatography

A

separates substances made up of a mixture of differently coloured compounds

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14
Q

Democritus

A

in 400BC, claimed that everything was made out of atoms, which he described as tiny spheres

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15
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

in 1911AD, claimed that negative energy was concentrated in the nucleus, rather that scattered randomly, carried out the gold foil experiment

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16
Q

Ethanoic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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17
Q

General Equation

A

algebraic equation to explain a trend

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18
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A

H2O2, forms liquid at room temperature

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19
Q

James Chadwick

A

in 1932, discovered the neutron

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20
Q

JJ Thompson

A

in 1904AD, claimed atoms were made up of positive energy with negative energy scattered through them like a plum pudding

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21
Q

John Dalton

A

in 1803AD, agreed with Democritus that atoms were tiny spheres and could not be divided into anything smaller, suggested different elements were different sizes

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22
Q

Metals

A

elements that have positive ions and lose electrons

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23
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

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24
Q

Methyl Ethanoate

A

CH3OOCCH3

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25
Q

Non-Metals

A

elements that have negative ions and gain electrons

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26
Q

Oxidation

A

the process by which something gains oxygen

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27
Q

Oxidised

A

something that has gained oxygen through oxidation

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28
Q

Parallelopied Crystals

A

crystals in the shape of six-sided crystals

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29
Q

pH

A

power of hydrogen

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30
Q

Products

A

substances created by the chemical reaction

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31
Q

Qualitative Data

A

data you can see but not measure, eg colour

32
Q

Quantitative Data

A

data that includes numbers, eg temperature or mass

33
Q

Reactants

A

substances present at the beginning of the chemical reaction

34
Q

Reduction

A

the process by which something loses oxygen

35
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

average mass of all the isotopes that exist, can have the atomic number taken away to find the number of neutrons

36
Q

Rf Value

A

distance moved by colour / distance moved by water

37
Q

Salt

A

a chemical formed from the reaction of an acid with a base

38
Q

Ammonium Chloride

A

NH3NO3, used in fertilisers, does not contain a metal

39
Q

Barium Sulphate

A

BaSO4, taken by patients before x-rays

40
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

CaCl2

41
Q

Calcium Nitrate

A

Ca(NO3)2

42
Q

Calcium Phosphate

A

Ca3(PO4)2

43
Q

Calcium Sulphate

A

CaSO4, used in plaster casts

44
Q

Copper Chloride

A

CuCl2

45
Q

Copper Phosphate

A

Cu3PO4

46
Q

Copper Sulphate

A

CuSO4, used in pesticides

47
Q

Iron Chloride

A

FeCl3

48
Q

Lithium Chloride

A

Li2SO4

49
Q

Magnesium Chloride

A

MgCl2

50
Q

Magnesium Nitrate

A

Mg(NO3)2

51
Q

Magnesium Sulphate

A

MgSO4

52
Q

Mercury Sulphate

A

HgCl, used in pesticides

53
Q

Plaster of Paris

A

Calcium Sulphate, CaSO4

54
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

KCl, used in fertilisers

55
Q

Potassium Nitrate

A

KNO4, used in fireworks

56
Q

Saltpetre

A

potassium nitrate, KNO4

57
Q

Sodium Chloride

A

NaCl, used for flavouring food

58
Q

Sodium Flouride

A

NaF, used in toothpaste

59
Q

Sodium Oxide

A

Na2O

60
Q

Sodium Phosphate

A

Na3PO4

61
Q

Sodium Nitrate

A

NaNO3, used for preserving sausages and ham

62
Q

Sodium Sulphate

A

Na2SO4

63
Q

Table Salt

A

Calcium Chloride, CaCl2

64
Q

Zinc Chloride

A

ZnCl2

65
Q

Zinc Nitrate

A

Zn(NO3)2

66
Q

Salicylic Acid

A

C7H6O4

67
Q

Saturated

A

a molecule with only single bonds

68
Q

Suckback

A

when air is sucked back into a test tube

69
Q

Thermal Decomposition

A

the breakdown of a compound by heating it

70
Q

Unsaturated

A

a molecule with double bonds

71
Q

Valency

A

the number of bonds that an element has

72
Q

Variable

A

something in a experiment that can be changed

73
Q

Control Variable

A

something that stays the same

74
Q

Dependent Variable

A

something you measure

75
Q

Independent Variable

A

something you change

76
Q

Volatility

A

tendency that a substance to turn into a gas

77
Q

Viscosity

A

how easily a substance flows

Chemistry GCSE (12 decks)

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