Chemistry Basics

Question 1

Abundance

Answer 1

amount

Question 2

Acid Concentration

Answer 2

how many particles of an acid are in one decimetre cubed, measured in mol/dm^3

Question 3

Acid Strength

Answer 3

how ionised the acid is

Question 4

Ammonia

Answer 4

NH4NO3

Question 5

Anhydrous

Answer 5

without hydrogen

Question 6

Aqueous

Answer 6

dissolved in water

Question 7

Aspirin

Answer 7

C9H8O4

Question 8

Atomic Number

Answer 8

number of protons, same as the number of electrons, can be taken away from the atomic mass to get the number of neutrons

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

a substance that neutralises an acid and is insoluble

Question 10

Bohr

Answer 10

in 1912, claimed that positive charge was concentrated in the nucleus, claimed electrons were in fixed positions on energy shells

Question 11

Calorimetry

Answer 11

the science of measuring changes in state variables through heat transfer

Question 12

Carbonic Acid

Answer 12

H2CO3

Question 13

Chromatography

Answer 13

separates substances made up of a mixture of differently coloured compounds

Question 14

Democritus

Answer 14

in 400BC, claimed that everything was made out of atoms, which he described as tiny spheres

Question 15

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 15

in 1911AD, claimed that negative energy was concentrated in the nucleus, rather that scattered randomly, carried out the gold foil experiment

Question 16

Ethanoic Acid

Answer 16

CH3COOH

Question 17

General Equation

Answer 17

algebraic equation to explain a trend

Question 18

Hydrogen Peroxide

Answer 18

H2O2, forms liquid at room temperature

Question 19

James Chadwick

Answer 19

in 1932, discovered the neutron

Question 20

JJ Thompson

Answer 20

in 1904AD, claimed atoms were made up of positive energy with negative energy scattered through them like a plum pudding

Question 21

John Dalton

Answer 21

in 1803AD, agreed with Democritus that atoms were tiny spheres and could not be divided into anything smaller, suggested different elements were different sizes

Question 22

Metals

Answer 22

elements that have positive ions and lose electrons

Question 23

Methanol

Answer 23

CH3OH

Question 24

Methyl Ethanoate

Answer 24

CH3OOCCH3

Question 25

Non-Metals

Answer 25

elements that have negative ions and gain electrons

Question 26

Oxidation

Answer 26

the process by which something gains oxygen

Question 27

Oxidised

Answer 27

something that has gained oxygen through oxidation

Question 28

Parallelopied Crystals

Answer 28

crystals in the shape of six-sided crystals

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

power of hydrogen

Question 30

Products

Answer 30

substances created by the chemical reaction

Question 31

Qualitative Data

Answer 31

data you can see but not measure, eg colour

Question 32

Quantitative Data

Answer 32

data that includes numbers, eg temperature or mass

Question 33

Reactants

Answer 33

substances present at the beginning of the chemical reaction

Question 34

Reduction

Answer 34

the process by which something loses oxygen

Question 35

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 35

average mass of all the isotopes that exist, can have the atomic number taken away to find the number of neutrons

Question 36

Rf Value

Answer 36

distance moved by colour / distance moved by water

Question 37

Salt

Answer 37

a chemical formed from the reaction of an acid with a base

Question 38

Ammonium Chloride

Answer 38

NH3NO3, used in fertilisers, does not contain a metal

Question 39

Barium Sulphate

Answer 39

BaSO4, taken by patients before x-rays

Question 40

Calcium Chloride

Answer 40

CaCl2

Question 41

Calcium Nitrate

Answer 41

Ca(NO3)2

Question 42

Calcium Phosphate

Answer 42

Ca3(PO4)2

Question 43

Calcium Sulphate

Answer 43

CaSO4, used in plaster casts

Question 44

Copper Chloride

Answer 44

CuCl2

Question 45

Copper Phosphate

Answer 45

Cu3PO4

Question 46

Copper Sulphate

Answer 46

CuSO4, used in pesticides

Question 47

Iron Chloride

Answer 47

FeCl3

Question 48

Lithium Chloride

Answer 48

Li2SO4

Question 49

Magnesium Chloride

Answer 49

MgCl2

Question 50

Magnesium Nitrate

Answer 50

Mg(NO3)2

Question 51

Magnesium Sulphate

Answer 51

MgSO4

Question 52

Mercury Sulphate

Answer 52

HgCl, used in pesticides

Question 53

Plaster of Paris

Answer 53

Calcium Sulphate, CaSO4

Question 54

Potassium Chloride

Answer 54

KCl, used in fertilisers

Question 55

Potassium Nitrate

Answer 55

KNO4, used in fireworks

Question 56

Saltpetre

Answer 56

potassium nitrate, KNO4

Question 57

Sodium Chloride

Answer 57

NaCl, used for flavouring food

Question 58

Sodium Flouride

Answer 58

NaF, used in toothpaste

Question 59

Sodium Oxide

Answer 59

Na2O

Question 60

Sodium Phosphate

Answer 60

Na3PO4

Question 61

Sodium Nitrate

Answer 61

NaNO3, used for preserving sausages and ham

Question 62

Sodium Sulphate

Answer 62

Na2SO4

Question 63

Table Salt

Answer 63

Calcium Chloride, CaCl2

Question 64

Zinc Chloride

Answer 64

ZnCl2

Question 65

Zinc Nitrate

Answer 65

Zn(NO3)2

Question 66

Salicylic Acid

Answer 66

C7H6O4

Question 67

Saturated

Answer 67

a molecule with only single bonds

Question 68

Suckback

Answer 68

when air is sucked back into a test tube

Question 69

Thermal Decomposition

Answer 69

the breakdown of a compound by heating it

Question 70

Unsaturated

Answer 70

a molecule with double bonds

Question 71

Valency

Answer 71

the number of bonds that an element has

Question 72

Variable

Answer 72

something in a experiment that can be changed

Question 73

Control Variable

Answer 73

something that stays the same

Question 74

Dependent Variable

Answer 74

something you measure

Question 75

Independent Variable

Answer 75

something you change

Question 76

Volatility

Answer 76

tendency that a substance to turn into a gas

Question 77

Viscosity

Answer 77

how easily a substance flows