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Chemistry GCSE > Chemistry Basics > Flashcards

Chemistry Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Abundance

A

amount

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2
Q

Acid Concentration

A

how many particles of an acid are in one decimetre cubed, measured in mol/dm^3

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3
Q

Acid Strength

A

how ionised the acid is

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4
Q

Ammonia

A

NH4NO3

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5
Q

Anhydrous

A

without hydrogen

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6
Q

Aqueous

A

dissolved in water

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7
Q

Aspirin

A

C9H8O4

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8
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons, same as the number of electrons, can be taken away from the atomic mass to get the number of neutrons

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9
Q

Base

A

a substance that neutralises an acid and is insoluble

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10
Q

Bohr

A

in 1912, claimed that positive charge was concentrated in the nucleus, claimed electrons were in fixed positions on energy shells

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11
Q

Calorimetry

A

the science of measuring changes in state variables through heat transfer

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12
Q

Carbonic Acid

A

H2CO3

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13
Q

Chromatography

A

separates substances made up of a mixture of differently coloured compounds

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14
Q

Democritus

A

in 400BC, claimed that everything was made out of atoms, which he described as tiny spheres

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15
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

in 1911AD, claimed that negative energy was concentrated in the nucleus, rather that scattered randomly, carried out the gold foil experiment

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16
Q

Ethanoic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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17
Q

General Equation

A

algebraic equation to explain a trend

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18
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A

H2O2, forms liquid at room temperature

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19
Q

James Chadwick

A

in 1932, discovered the neutron

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20
Q

JJ Thompson

A

in 1904AD, claimed atoms were made up of positive energy with negative energy scattered through them like a plum pudding

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21
Q

John Dalton

A

in 1803AD, agreed with Democritus that atoms were tiny spheres and could not be divided into anything smaller, suggested different elements were different sizes

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22
Q

Metals

A

elements that have positive ions and lose electrons

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23
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

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24
Q

Methyl Ethanoate

A

CH3OOCCH3

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25
Non-Metals
elements that have negative ions and gain electrons
26
Oxidation
the process by which something gains oxygen
27
Oxidised
something that has gained oxygen through oxidation
28
Parallelopied Crystals
crystals in the shape of six-sided crystals
29
pH
power of hydrogen
30
Products
substances created by the chemical reaction
31
Qualitative Data
data you can see but not measure, eg colour
32
Quantitative Data
data that includes numbers, eg temperature or mass
33
Reactants
substances present at the beginning of the chemical reaction
34
Reduction
the process by which something loses oxygen
35
Relative Atomic Mass
average mass of all the isotopes that exist, can have the atomic number taken away to find the number of neutrons
36
Rf Value
distance moved by colour / distance moved by water
37
Salt
a chemical formed from the reaction of an acid with a base
38
Ammonium Chloride
NH3NO3, used in fertilisers, does not contain a metal
39
Barium Sulphate
BaSO4, taken by patients before x-rays
40
Calcium Chloride
CaCl2
41
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO3)2
42
Calcium Phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
43
Calcium Sulphate
CaSO4, used in plaster casts
44
Copper Chloride
CuCl2
45
Copper Phosphate
Cu3PO4
46
Copper Sulphate
CuSO4, used in pesticides
47
Iron Chloride
FeCl3
48
Lithium Chloride
Li2SO4
49
Magnesium Chloride
MgCl2
50
Magnesium Nitrate
Mg(NO3)2
51
Magnesium Sulphate
MgSO4
52
Mercury Sulphate
HgCl, used in pesticides
53
Plaster of Paris
Calcium Sulphate, CaSO4
54
Potassium Chloride
KCl, used in fertilisers
55
Potassium Nitrate
KNO4, used in fireworks
56
Saltpetre
potassium nitrate, KNO4
57
Sodium Chloride
NaCl, used for flavouring food
58
Sodium Flouride
NaF, used in toothpaste
59
Sodium Oxide
Na2O
60
Sodium Phosphate
Na3PO4
61
Sodium Nitrate
NaNO3, used for preserving sausages and ham
62
Sodium Sulphate
Na2SO4
63
Table Salt
Calcium Chloride, CaCl2
64
Zinc Chloride
ZnCl2
65
Zinc Nitrate
Zn(NO3)2
66
Salicylic Acid
C7H6O4
67
Saturated
a molecule with only single bonds
68
Suckback
when air is sucked back into a test tube
69
Thermal Decomposition
the breakdown of a compound by heating it
70
Unsaturated
a molecule with double bonds
71
Valency
the number of bonds that an element has
72
Variable
something in a experiment that can be changed
73
Control Variable
something that stays the same
74
Dependent Variable
something you measure
75
Independent Variable
something you change
76
Volatility
tendency that a substance to turn into a gas
77
Viscosity
how easily a substance flows

Chemistry GCSE (12 decks)

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