Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Aldehyde
=O off last carbon with Hydrogen on end
Ending ‘al’
Ketone
=O off carbon
Ending ‘one’
Ester
-O next to =O off a carbon
Ending ‘yl …‘oate’
Primary amine
R - N - H2 (always at the end of the molecule)
Secondary Amine
R’ - NH - R (middle of molecule with single H atom)
Tertiary Amine
R’ - N - R
|
R”
Amide
Carboxylic Acid + Amine
R - C = O - NH - R’
Haloalkane
Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Bromine
Ether
C - O - C
Oxidise Primary Alcohol
Carboxylic Acid
Oxidise Secondary Alcohol
Ketone
Oxidise Tertiary Alcohol
No product - cannot be oxidised
Cyclic Ring
“Cyclohexane”
“Cyclopentane”
Carbons in a shaped ring with two Hydrogens off each carbon
Boiling Point Trends
Increase as intermolecular force strength increases
Increase with increase in carbon chain length
Decreases with increase in branching
Volatity
Tendency to be vaporised
Increases with decreased strength of intermolecular forces (lower boiling point)
Viscosity
The more polar the molecule, the higher the viscosity
Increase in intermolecular force strength, increased viscosity
Increased branching, increased viscosity
increased carbon chain, increased viscosity
Solubility
Carboxylic acids and Amides are most soluble
Amines and alcohols dissolve well
Increased polarity, increased solubility
More branching, increased solubility
Alkene to Alkane
H2 & Ni(s) > addition reaction
Alkene to Alcohol
H2O & [H+] > addition reaction
Alkane to Haloalkane
Br2 & UV light > substitution reaction
HBr byproduct
Haloalkane to Alcohol
H2O & NaOH > substitution
Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
Cr2O7 2- & [H+] > oxidation
Ester
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid > condensation/esterification
[H2SO4]
H2O byproduct
Haloalkane to Amine
NH3(g) > substitution reaction
HBr byproduct
