Equilibrium

Question 1

Competing Equilibria - Haemoglobin

Answer 1

CO binds much more strongly to haemoglobin, blocking oxygen from binding with it, due to the Kc of the Hb-CO reaction being much stronger than the Hb-O2 reaction, therefore Hb prioritises bonds with CO over O2.

Question 2

How to reverse CO poisoning

Answer 2

To reverse the binding of CO with Hb, pure oxygen needs to be supplied to the individual, which will react with the carboxyhemoglobin to produce the properly oxygenated hemoglobin alongside CO, therefore the gaseous CO produced will dissipate when the person exhales.

Question 3

Hb - CO - O2 equation

Answer 3

Hb(CO)4 + 4O2 –> Hb(O2)4 + 4CO

Question 4

5 Ways to increase rate of reaction

Answer 4

Increase temperature, addition of a catalyst, increase reactant concentrations, increase surface area, increase pressure (via decreasing volume)

Question 5

How does increasing temp increase ROR

Answer 5

Frequency of collision increases due to increase in kinetic energy, therefore number of successful collision in a given time is increased. Also, the proportion of collisions with an energy equal to or above activation energy barrier increases.

Question 6

How does increasing surface area increase ROR

Answer 6

As surface area increases, the proportion of reactant particles increases, causing an increase in the frequency of collision and therefore the number of successful collisions within a given time.

Question 7

How does increasing reactant concentrations increase ROR

Answer 7

As concentration of reactants increase, there is more reactant particles per unit of volume, causing an increase in the frequency of collisions and therefore the number of successful collisions in a given time

Question 8

How does the addition of a catalyst increase ROR

Answer 8

the addition of a catalyst increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place, meaning more reactant particles will have an energy equal to or above the activation energy barrier.

Question 9

How does increasing pressure increase the ROR

Answer 9

Increasing the pressure causes reactant particles to be within a closer proximity of each other, meaning collisions are occurring at a faster rate, therefore an increase in the number of successful collisions within a given time.

Question 10

Qc>Kc

Answer 10

reaction shifts to left towards reactants so Qc is decreased

- Reverse reaction favoured

Question 11

Qc

Answer 11

reaction shift to right towards products to increase Qc

- Forwards reaction favoured