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organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

contains single carbon-carbon bonds only

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2
Q

what is an alicylic hydrocarbon

A

contains carbons joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

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3
Q

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

contains at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond

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4
Q

what is an aromatic hydrocarbon

A

an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a benzene ring

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5
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a series of compounds with the same functional group. Each successive member differing by the addition of a CH2

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6
Q

what is a functional group

A

a group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound

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7
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms

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8
Q

molecular formula

A

actual number and type of atoms of each element in a compound or molecule

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9
Q

structural formula

A

shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

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10
Q

displayed formula

A

shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them

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11
Q

skeletal formula

A

a simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains leaving the carbon skeleton and functional groups

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12
Q

what is isomerism

A

when 2 or more molecules have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

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13
Q

structural isomers

A

same molecular formula, different structural formula

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14
Q

how can covalent bonds be broken

A

by heterolytic or homolytic fission

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15
Q

what is homiletic fission

A

when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair to form 2 radicals

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16
Q

what is heterolytic fission

A

a covalent bond is broken with one of the two bonded atoms receiving both electrons from the bonded pair forming 2 oppositely charged ions

17
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

two reactant molecules join together to form a single product

18
Q

what is a substitution reaction

A

an atom or group of atoms exchanges with a different atom/group of atoms

19
Q

what is an elimination reaction

A

a molecule loses a small molecule

20
Q

recrystallisation process

A
  • dissolve solid in minimum amount of hot solvent (water)
  • hot filter the dissolved crystals under reduced pressure using a Buchner funnel and flask to remove any insoluble impurities
  • allow solution to cool and recrystallise leaving soluble impurities in solution the slower the rate of cooling the bigger the crystals
  • filter crystals under reduced pressure using Buchner funnel and flask
  • wash crystals with cold solvent (water) and allow crystals to dry on Buchner funnel
  • transfer crystals to a weighted and labelled watch glass

chemistry (8 decks)

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