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Organic chemical reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes

A

Combustion

substitution

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2
Q

Alkane:

Combustion

A

Alkane + O2 —∆–> CO2 + H20

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3
Q

Alkane:

Substitution

A

Alkane + X2 (Halogen) –Light–> Haloakane (must have light or heat!)

[X2 = Cl2, Br2, or I2

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4
Q

Alkenes

will also occur with alkynes

A

combustion
addition
others:

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5
Q

alkenes:

combustion

A

alkene + O2 —∆—> CO2 + H2O

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6
Q

Alkenes:

Addition Rules

A

adding atoms to the double/triple bond of alkene or alkyne to form single bonds

  • Reactioins needs catalyst
    • follow markonikovs rules
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7
Q

Alkenes:

Addition

A

Hydrogenation
Hydration
Halogenation
Hydrohalogenation

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8
Q

Alkenes
Addition
Hyrogenation

A

Alkene + H2 –Pt–> Alkane

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9
Q

Alkene
Addition
Hydration

A

Alkene +H2) –H+–> Alcohol **

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10
Q

Alkene
Addition
Halogenation

A

Alkene + X2 –> Haloalkane

happens in darkness, bromine test

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11
Q

Alkene
Addition
Hydrohalogenation

A

Alkene + HX –> Haloalkane **

[HX = HCl, HBr, HI]

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12
Q

Alkene:

Others

A 
Reactions that produce alkene
Dehydrogenation
Dehydration
Dehalogenation
Dehydrohalogenatioin
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13
Q

Alkene
Others
Dehydrogenation

A

Alkane –> Alkene + H2

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14
Q

Alkene
Others
Dehydration

A

Alcohol –> Alkene + H2O

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15
Q

Alkene
Others
Dehalogenation

A

Haloalkane –> Alkene + X2

[X2 = Cl2, Br2, or I2

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16
Q

Alkene
others
Dehydrohalogenation

A

Haloalkane –> Alkene + HX

[HX = HCl, HBr, or HI

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17
Q

Alcohols

A

oxidation

dehydration

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18
Q

Alcohols

Oxidation

A

1° Alcohol
2° Alcohol
3° Alcohol

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19
Q

1° alcohol —[O]–>

A

Aldehyde

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20
Q

2° alcohol —[O]–>

A

Ketone

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21
Q

3° alcohol —[O]–>

A

No reaction

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22
Q

Alcohols

dehydration

A

Alcohol —> Alkene + H2O

23
Q

Thiols

A

oxidation
2 Thiols –[O]–> Disulfide
(important for 3° structure of protein

24
Q

Amines

A

amies are weak bases

Acid/Base:
Acid + Amine —> Ammonium salt of the acid + H2O

25
Q

Aldehydes

A

Oxidation
Reduction
Hemiacetal formation
Acetal formation

26
Q

Aldehydes:

oxidation

A

Aldehyde –[O]–> Carboxylic acid

27
Q

Aldehydes:

Reduction

A

Aldehyde –[H]—> 1° alcohol

28
Q

Aldehydes:

*Hemiacetal formation

A

Aldehyde + Alcohol Hemiacetal

29
Q

Acetal Formation *

A

Hemiacetal + Alcohol Acetal

30
Q
  • formation
A

forward reaction important for the formation of cyclic monosaccharides, and di and polysaccharides
- reverse raection for the formation of linear monosaccharides and the hydrolysis of di- and polysaccharides

31
Q

Ketones

A

Oxidation
Reduction
*Hemiketal formation
*Ketal formation

32
Q

Ketones

Oxidation

A

Ketone –[O]—> No reaction

33
Q

Ketones

Reduction

A

Ketone –[H]–>2° alcohol

34
Q

ketones

* Hemiketal formation

A

Ketone + alcohol Hemiketal

35
Q

*Ketal Formation

A

Hemiketal + Alcohol Ketal

36
Q

Carboxylic Acids

A 
Oxiddation
Reduction
Acid/Base
*Esterfication
*Amidation
37
Q

Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation

A

Carboxylic Acid —[O]–> No Reaction

38
Q

Carboxylic Acid

Reduction

A

Carboxylic Acid —[H]—> Aldehyde

39
Q

Carboxylic Acid

Acid/Base

A

Carboxylic Acid + Strong Base —-> Carboxylic Acid Salt + H2O

40
Q

Carboxylic Acid

*Esterfication

A

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol —> Ester (*Lipid formation) + H2O

41
Q

Carboxylic Acid

Amidation*

A

Carboxylic Acid + Amine —> amide (*peptide formation) + H2O

42
Q

Esters

A

Hydrolysis

Saponification

43
Q

Esters

Hydrolysis

A

Ester + H2O Carboxylic Acid + alcohol

44
Q

Esters

Saponification

A

Lipid + NaOH —> Na salt of fatty acid (soap) + Alcohol

45
Q

Acetal

Central Carbon is bonded to?

A

1R Group
2 OR groups
1 Hydrogen Atom

46
Q

Hemiacetal

Central Carbon is bonded to?

A

1 R group
1 OR group
1 OH group
1 Hydrogen Atom

47
Q

Ketal

Central carbon is bonded to?

A

2 R groups ( can be different)

2 OR groups

48
Q

Hemiketal

Central carbon i bonded to?

A

2 R groups (can be different)
1 OR group
1 OH group

49
Q

Naming Esters

A
  • the alkyl group from the alcohol OR

- The carbon chain from the acid with - ate ending R-C=O (carboxylic acid)

50
Q

Phenyl group

A

ʘ + something

51
Q

Benzyl Group

A

ʘ + C + something

52
Q

Naming aldehydes

A
  • al
    H-C=O

=O + H

53
Q

Ketones

A
  • one
    R-C=O
    |
    R

=O

54
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

-oic acid

R -C= O
|
OH

=O + OH

Chemistry (17 decks)

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