Chapter 1 lecture Flashcards
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
mass
refers to the amount of matter present in a sample
- includes both living and nonliving that can be seen
what is not considered to be matter?
various forms of energy such as heat light and elctricity
solid
physical state characterized by a definite shape and definite volume
liquid
the physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and a definite volume
gas
physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
physical property
characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance
(color; odor, physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) melting point; boiling and poing and hardness)
properties
are the distinguishing characteristics of a substance that are used in its identification and description
chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance
physical change
a process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition
- new substance is never formed as a result of a physical change
chemical change
a process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition
- always involve conversion of material(s) under consideration into one or more new substances
pure substance
single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means
- contains only that substance and nothing else
mixture
physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity
- retain because they are physically mixed rather than chemically combined
mixtures are subclassified to?
heterogenous or homogenous
heterogenous mixture
contains visibly different phases (parts), each of which has different properties
- non uniform appearance is a charateristic of all heterogenous mixtures
homogenous mixture
contains only one visibly distinct phase (part), which has uniform properties throughout
- components cannot be visually distinguished
element
pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by ordinary chemical means such as a reaction, an electric current, heat or a beam of light.
compound
pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means
- water
chemical symbol
one ore two letter designation for an element derived from the name of the element
- firest letter is always capitalized and second is not
atom
the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element
molecule
group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together
diatomic molecule
molecule that contains two atoms
triatomic molecule
molecule that contains three atoms
molecules are classified into two categories:
homoatomic and heteroatomic
homoatomic molecule
molecule in which all atoms present are the same kind
heteroatomic molecule
molecule in which two or more kinds of atoms are present
chemical formula
notation made up of the symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts (located to the right of each symbol) that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound
chemistry
-Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties and interactions of matters.
submicroscopic particles
matters are made of extremely small particles that cannot be seen even with the most powerful microscope
