Formulas + ch3 pp cont

Question 1

celsius to fahreinheit

Answer 1

oC = (oF-32)/1.8

Question 2

celsius to kelvin

Answer 2

K = oC + 273

Question 3

volume of a cube

Answer 3

Length L

V = L ^ 3

Question 4

volume of a rectangular solid

Answer 4

Length L, width W, height H

V = L x W x H

Question 5

volume of a cylinder

Answer 5

diameter D, height H

v = (πD^2H)/4 = (3.14D^2H)/4

Question 6

Density of substance

Answer 6

Density = Mass of substance g/ volume of substance m
D = M/V

Question 7

fahreinheit to Celsius

Answer 7

oF = 1.8(oC) + 32

Question 8

observed mass formula

Answer 8

Atomic weight1 amu x %
+ Atomic weight2 amu x %
_________________________
weighted average mass amu

Question 9

electrons

Answer 9

subatomic particles that move around the other part of an atom

Question 10

when atoms interact with one another what are the subatomic particles that participates in the interaction?

Answer 10

electrons

Question 11

chemical properties of an atom, which are the basis for its identification are determined by?

Answer 11

the number and arrangement of electrons surrounding the nucleus

Question 12

the atom is characterized by its atomic number or number of protons why?

Answer 12

because it has the same number of electrons and protons

Question 13

ions

Answer 13

charged atoms

- charged particles

Question 14

atoms acquire a charge by?

Answer 14

• gaining or losing electrons

Question 15

anoins

Answer 15

• when atoms gain electrons

- become negatively charged ions

Question 16

cations

Answer 16

• when atoms lose electrons

- become positively charged ions

Question 17

ions behave much differently than the neutral atoms

Answer 17

• metal sodium - natural Na atom is highly reactive and unstable
• sodium cations, Na+ - non reactive and stable (salt table)
• since material like table salt are neutral - must be equal amounts of charge2 from cations and anions in them

Question 18

subatomic structure of ions

- protons

Answer 18

protons are never changed during chemical reactions

Question 19

orbitals

Answer 19

• space where electron occupies and move around in

- divided by shells and subshell

Question 20

location and shape of an orbital is defined by?

Answer 20

shell and subshell

Question 21

shell

Answer 21

layer of space surrounding the nucleus, just like an onion shell

• each shell is designated by an integer, called quantum number (n= 1,2,3,4…)
• Shell #1 closest to the nucleus - number increases - distance of shell from nucleus does as well

Question 22

subshell

Answer 22

• specific shape of space within a shell
• designated by alphabet letters
• s shere
• p 2 lobed hourglass
• d 4 lobed clover leave
• f 8 lobed space

Question 23

n = 1 shell

Answer 23

• 1 subshell

- s

Question 24

n= 2 shell

Answer 24

2 subshell

- s p

Question 25

n = 3 shell

Answer 25

- 3 subshell | - s p d

Question 26

n = 4 shell

Answer 26

- 4 subshells | - s p d f

Question 27

the energy of an electron depends on?

Answer 27

the energy of the subshell it occupies

Question 28

energy of a subshell is determined by?

Answer 28

the shell # and its shape (type of subshell)

Question 29

what is the most important determinant for the energy of an orbital?

Answer 29

the shell #

Question 30

the higher the shell number?

Answer 30

- the farther the shell is from the nucleus | - the higher the energy level

Question 31

since shell number determines the energy level of an electron in the shell, the shell is also called?

Answer 31

an energy "level"

Question 32

sublevel

Answer 32

- subshell | - energy of the subshell increases with the complexity of its shape

Question 33

orbitals capacity for electrons

Answer 33

- each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons | - contains two electrons that must spin in opposite direction

Question 34

rules for filling electrons in orbitals

Answer 34

1. atoms always fill their lowest energy orbitals first and successively higher ones as more electrons are added - aufbau principle 2. each orbital can only have 2 electrons (pauli exclusion principle) 3. electrons fill unoccupied orbitals within a subshell first before filling singularly-occupied ones (hunds rule)

Question 35

core electrons

Answer 35

electrons in the inner filled shells | - have low energy and are extra stable

Question 36

valence

Answer 36

electrons are electrons in the outermost shell, or electrons in the shell with the highest shell number - involved in chem reactions

Question 37

valence electrons of an element vs its location on the periodic table

Answer 37

1. element in same group has same number of valence electrons 2. group A # = total # of valence electron 3. period # = shell # of the valence electron

Question 38

elements filling the 4s subshell

Answer 38

Group 1A, alkaline metal - Ar Group 2A, alkaline metal K, Ca

Question 39

elements filling the 3d subshell

Answer 39

- Grps B transition metals | Cu, Zn

Question 40

elements filling the 4p subshells

Answer 40

Groups 3A, 7A, and 8 | Ga Ge Kr

Question 41

The # of columns in different part of the periodic table corresponds to?

Answer 41

the max electron capacity for each subshell type

Question 42

the column location of an element indicates?

Answer 42

- the type of subshell filled by its highest energy electrons

Question 43

the column location of an element within a block indicates?

Answer 43

the # of the highest energy electrons in the specific type of subshell

Question 44

the period location of an element?

Answer 44

gives information about the shell number of its highest energy electrons

Question 45

of e =

Answer 45

atomic number

Question 46

each square in period table =

Answer 46

1 e-

Question 47

core

Answer 47

inert gas from the last period

Question 48

of core e- =

Answer 48

atomnic number of the core inert gas

Question 49

period n | energy level is n for?

Answer 49

e- in s and p block

Question 50

period n | energy level is n-1

Answer 50

for e- in d block

Question 51

period n | energy level is n-2 for

Answer 51

e- in f block

Question 52

sum of superscript =

Answer 52

atomic number

Question 53

metal lose e- anbd nonmetal gaining e- have same electron configuration as?

Answer 53

noble gases