Organic Chem + Combustion

Question 1

Alkane

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2 each carbon atom is bonded with four other atoms

Question 2

alkene

Answer 2

unsaturated hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds. its general formula is CnH2n

Question 3

cracking

Answer 3

the reaction used in the oil industry to break down hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones

Question 4

distillation

Answer 4

separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation

Question 5

double bond

Answer 5

a double bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons

Question 6

flammable

Answer 6

easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly

Question 7

fraction

Answer 7

hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oils

Question 8

fractional distillation

Answer 8

a way to separate liquids from a mixture by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then collecting and condensing the liquids

Question 9

general formula

Answer 9

the formula that represents the common formula of all compounds in a single class of chemicals.

Question 10

hydrocarbons

Answer 10

a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 11

mixture

Answer 11

when some elements or compounds are mixed together and intermingle but do not react together. a mixture is not a pure substance

Question 12

oxidised

Answer 12

a substance that has oxygen added to it/ or has lost electrons

Question 13

saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 13

describes a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its carbons. this means it contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molocule

Question 14

thermal decomposition

Answer 14

the breakdown of a compound by heating it

Question 15

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 15

a hydrocarbon whos molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond

Question 16

viscosity

Answer 16

a resistance of a liquid to flowing or pouring: a liquids ‘thickness’

Question 17

Combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 17

Always produces carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

Combustion of hydrogen

Answer 18

Makes only h2o

Question 19

What does the combustion triangle consist of?

Answer 19

-heat
-oxygen
-fuel

Question 20

Ethanol to ethanoic acid

Answer 20

-Ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid
-ethanol is turned into ethanoic acid by bacterial process
-to test for alcohols you must add potassium dichromate (IV)
-This test must be done in acidic conditions by adding sulphuric acid
-if alcohol is present colour changes from orange to green.

Question 21

Chain isomerism

Answer 21

-When the main carbon chain of a molecule is shortened and extra carbon and hydrogens are present as a branch from the main chain.

Question 22

Position isomerism

Answer 22

-This is when the functional group of a molecule moves to a different position on the chain. This can affect both alleges and alcohols