Organic Chem Flashcards
Hydrocarbon
a compound containing only carbon and
hydrogen atoms
Saturated Compound
a compound in which all of the
bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated Compounds
a compound in which there is at
least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms
The functional group
an atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule
Homologous Series
a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit
Alkene General Formula
CnH2n
Alkane General Formula
CnH2n+2
Hydroalkane General Formula
CnH2n+1 X
How molecular mass affects IMF
- Both have London IMF
- larger molecular=more electrons per molecule= overall greater electron density
- Greater momentary dipoles
- More energy required
- Higher boiling Point
How surface area affects IMF
- Both gave London Forces
- Linear, more surface area, more intermolecular forces
- stronger intermolecular forces
Which IMF is stronger in Carboxylic acids and Alcohols
Carboxylate acids have a greater number of Hydrogen bonding, stronger IMF, requiring g more energy, higher boiling point
Functional group for Alkanes
/
-C-
/
Saturated hydrocarbon
Functional group for Alkenes
. /
C==C
/. \
Double carbon-carbon bond
Functional Grouo for HaloAlkenes/ Aykly Halides
Halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom
-X
Functional group for Alcohol
Hydroxyl group
-O-H
Functional group for Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic group
O
ll
—C—O—H
Functional group for Esters
Estergroup
O
||
—C—O
Viscosity
An indication of how easily a liquid can flow. Therefore since a stronger I!F will have a resistance to flow, temperature affects viscosity.
What’s with the viscosity of oil?
Oil is non polar, and would therefore have London forces and would flow easily however that isn’t the case because oil has very long carbon chain molecules
Haloalkanes gen formula
CnH2n+1X
Alcohols gen formula
CnH2nOH
Physical prop:
4 Carbons
5 Carbons
12 Carbons
4C= Room temp gas 5C= Liquid 12C= Solid but soft
Organic molecules
molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, diamond, graphite, carbonates (or bicarbonates), carbides and cyanides
Saturated compound
a compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated compound
a compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms
