organic chem Flashcards
how to speed up esterification
- conc sulfuric acid catalyst
- temp 60°C (low bpts, use reflux)
- magnetic stirrer
non destructive oxidation of alcohols
alcohol –KMnO4–> aldehyde –reflux–> carboxyllic acid
functional group of carboxyllic acids
O=C-O-H
functional group of alcohols
-OH
functional group of aldehydes
O=C-H
condensation
two molecules forming a larger one with the removal of water/ammonia
amide bond
H-N-C=O
test for alkenes and alkanes
(2)
Br2 = alkane no change, alkene orange—>colorless
KMnO4 = alkane no change, alkene purple—>colorless
general formula alkanes
CnH2n+2
general formula alkenes
CnH2n
general formula alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
reactions of alkanes
combustion, oxidation, decomposition
alkanes viscosity pattern
larger molecules are more viscous, more IMFs and can intertwine with each other
alkanes volatility pattern
smaller molecules are more volatile, less IMFS less energy to break
alkanes color pattern
small=colorless
medium=yellow
large=black
isomer definition
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
volatility
ease of forming a gas
viscosity
resistance to flow
hydrocarbon
organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
homologous series
group of chemicals with the same general formula, similar chem properties, and a pattern of physical properties
saturated
containing only strong single carbon carbon bonds
