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organic chem Flashcards

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1
Q

use of paraffin oil

A

fuel for heating and cooking and for aircraft

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2
Q

general formula of alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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3
Q

use of naphtha

A

feedstock for chemical industry

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4
Q

general formula of alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

general formula of carboxylic acid

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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6
Q

define homologous series

A

a family of organic compounds with a general formula, having similar chemical properties and showing a gradation in physical properties

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7
Q

does boiling point increase/decrease down the series?

A

increase

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8
Q

use of diesel oil

A

fuel for diesel engines

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9
Q

how many carbon in prop

A

3

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10
Q

use of petrol

A

fuel in cars

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11
Q

use of lubricating oil

A

lubricants, making waxes and polishes

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12
Q

physical state of alkane and alkene

A

gas

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13
Q

use of petroluem

A

fuel for cooking

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14
Q

how many carbon in eth

A

2

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15
Q

use of bitumen

A

making road surfaces

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16
Q

does density increase/decrease down the series?

A

increase

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17
Q

does flammability increase/decrease down the series?

A

decrease

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18
Q

how many carbon in meth

A

1

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19
Q

what test is used to differentiate alkane and alkene?

A

bubble the gas through aqueous bromine

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20
Q

what colour change is observed when aqueous bromine is added to an alkene

A

aqueous bromine changes from reddish brown to colourless

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21
Q

what colour change is observed when aqueous bromine is added to an alkane

A

aqueous bromine remains reddish brown

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22
Q

does viscosity increase/decrease down the series?

A

increase

23
Q

general formula of alkene

A

CnH2n

24
Q

what is a functional group?

A

an atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristic properties

25
Q

what is the functional group of alkane

A

no functional group

26
Q

what is the functional group of alkene

A

carbon carbon double bond (- c=c -)

27
Q

what is the functional group of alcohol

A

hydroxyl group (O-H)

28
Q

what is the functional group of carboxylic acid

A

carboxyl group
O
II
—C —O—H

29
Q

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

saturated

30
Q

are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

A

unsaturated

31
Q

products formed when alkanes and alkenes burn completely in oxygen (complete combustion)

A

carbon dioxide and water

32
Q

products formed when alkanes and alkenes burn in insufficient oxygen

A

soot and carbon monoxide

33
Q

define substitution reaction

A

a hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom

34
Q

define addition reaction

A

a reaction in which an UNSATURATED organic compound combines with another substance to form a SINGLE new compound

35
Q

what kind of reaction is (methane + chlorine) ?

A

substitution reaction

36
Q

products formed when (methane + chlorine )

A

chloromethane and hydrogen chloride

37
Q

conditions needed for substitution reaction

A

sunlight/ultraviolet light

38
Q

ethene + hydrogen is what kind of reaction

A

addition reaction with hydrogen (hydrogenation)
coverts unsaturated to saturated compound

39
Q

products formed when ethene + hydrogen

A

ethane

40
Q

define monomer

A

small molecules of alkene

41
Q

define polymer

A

long chain molecule formed when alkene molecules join together

42
Q

conditions needed for addition polymerisation of alkenes

A

-high temperature (600 °C)
-high pressure
-presence of catalyst

43
Q

advantages of plastics

there are 5

A
  • easily molded into different shapes
  • waterproof
    -durable
    -corrosion resistant
    -complete combustion of plastic produce CO2 + H20, hence no solid residue is formed minimising waste produced
44
Q

disadvantages of plastics

there are 3

A

-flammable
-produces poisonous gas (eg. CO) when burned hence contributing to air pollution
-non biodegradable (have to dispose in landfills which takes up space and causes land pollution)

45
Q

can polymers conduct electricity? why or why not?

A

polymers CANNOT conduct electricity because it is a covalent molecule and has NO IONS to carry electric current

46
Q

define cracking

A

breaking down of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller molecules

47
Q

describe process and conditions needed for cracking of petroleum

A
  1. pass the petroleum fraction containing long chain alkanes over a heated catalyst at about 600 °C
  2. catalysts are aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide
48
Q

importance of cracking

there are 3

A
  • to produce short chain alkenes such as ethene and propene used for making ethanol and plastics
  • to produce hydrogen
  • to produce petrol used as fuel for cars
49
Q

why can alkenes be polymerized?

A

alkene contains c=c double bonds that can be broken and more atoms can be added to it

50
Q

physical state of alcohol and carboxylic acid

A

liquid

51
Q

what temperature is the mixture kept at during fermentation of glucose?

A

37 °C

52
Q

why must the mixture be kept at 37 °C during fermentation of glucose?

A

beyond 37 °C -> enzyme will denature
below 37 °C-> fermentation will slow down

53
Q

conditions for fermentation of glucose

A
  • catalyst: yeast
  • temp at 37 °C
    -absence of oxygen
54
Q

conditions needed for oxidation of ethanol

A

warm the mixture of ethanol + acidified potassium manganate (VII)

chemistry (10 decks)

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