acids bases and salts Flashcards
define acid
an acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions, when it is dissolved water
define alkali
an alkali is a substance which produces hydroxide ions, when it is dissolved in water
physical properties of acids
1) taste sour
2) conduct electricity in aqueous state
physical properties of alkalis
1) taste bitter
2) conduct electricity in aqueous state
3) feels soapy
can acid and alkalis conduct electricity?
acid and alkalis can conduct electricity as the ions are able to move and carry electric current
colour changes in universal indicator for acid
green to red
colour changes in litmus paper for acid
blue to red
colour changes for alkali in universal indicator
green to violet
colour changes for alkali in litmus paper
red to blue
acid + reactive metal (except copper, silver, gold) –> ?
salt + hydrogen gas (H2)
acid + metal carbonate —-> ?
salt + water + CO2
acid + metal oxide —-> ?
salt + water
acid + alkali —> ?
salt + water
ionic eqn for neutralisation
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —> H20 (L)
alkali + ammonium salt —> ?
salt + water + ammonia gas (NH3)
what is used to neutralise acidic soil?
calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide
ph value and colour in universal indicator for hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid
ph 1, red
ph value and colour in universal indicator for ethanoic acid and CO2 in water
ph 3, orange
ph value and colour in universal indicator for pure water
ph 7, green
ph value and colour in universal indicator for aqueous ammonia
ph 12, blue
ph value and colour in universal indicator for sodium/ potassium hydroxide
ph 14, purple
test for sulfur dioxide gas
Bring a filter paper dipped in
acidified potassium manganate (VII)
the acidified potassium manganate
(VII) will turn from purple to
colourless
test for chlorine gas
Bring a damp blue litmus near
the gas
Damp blue litmus will be bleached
most metal oxides are?
basic oxides
lead oxide, aluminium oxide and zinc oxides are what oxides?
amphoteric
can amphoteric oxides react with only acid, only alkali or both?
amphoteric oxides can react with both acid and alkali
can basic oxides react with only acid, only alkali or both?
basic oxides can only react with acid
most non metal oxides are?
acidic oxides
water, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are what kind of oxides?
neutral oxides
can neutral oxides react with only acid, only alkali or both?
neutral oxides CANNOT react with acid or alkali
can acidic oxides react with only acid, only alkali or both?
acidic oxides can only react with alkali
are basic oxides insoluble or soluble in water?
most are insoluble in water. a few of them such as sodium oxide and calcium oxide can dissolve in water to form alkalis
acidic oxides dissolves in water to form?
acid
are neutral oxides soluble or insoluble in water?
insoluble in water
which chlorides salts are insoluble in water?
lead (II) chloride and silver chloride
which sulfate salts are insoluble in water?
barium sulfate, lead (II) sulfate and calcium sulfate
which carbonate salts are soluble?
sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate
if the salt is insoluble, which method is used to prepare the salt?
precipitation
if the salt is soluble, what methods are used to prepare the salt?
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