Organic basics and pathways

Question 1

Substitution reactions

Answer 1

1. Alkane and Cl2→ Halo alkane (UV light)
2. Halo alkane + NaOH→ alcohol (no reagent needed)

Question 2

Addition reactions

Answer 2

1. Alkene + H2 → Alkane (catalyst)
2. Alkene + Cl2 → Haloalkane
3. Alkene + H2O → Alcohol (H3PO4, 300 degrees)

Question 3

Oxidation of alcohols

Answer 3

H+/Cr2O7 -2
H+/MnO4 -

Question 4

Condensation reaction

Answer 4

• When to molecules with different functional groups, react to form a larger molecule and smaller molecule with different functional groups
• Basically when an ester is made
• Water is a byproduct
• need H2SO4 (l)

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

• opposite of condensation
• requires, water to break them down

Question 6

Naming priorities

Answer 6

In data book

Question 7

4 different types of R groups

Answer 7

• Polar
• Non-polar
• Proton donor (COOH)
• Proton acceptor (NH2)

Question 8

Protein structures and thier bonding

Answer 8

Primary structure- only focuses on the sequencing on Amino acids

Secondary structure- focuses on the hydrogen bonding between the amide links

Tertiary structure- intermolecular forces between r groups also;
1. Ionic
2. Covolant

Quaternary structure- dispersion forces between large molecules

Question 9

Changes of pH for Amino Acids

Answer 9

In a base, COOH cts as an acid and looses all it hydrogens

In an acid, NH2 gains a H and turn +

Question 10

Temp on enzyme

Answer 10

increasing temp denatures it

decreasing just slows it down

Question 11

Monosacharides

Answer 11

• Clucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 12

Disachrides

Answer 12

• Maltose
• Sucrose

Question 13

Polysacharides

Answer 13

• Starch
  1. Amylose
  2. Amylopectin
• Cellulose
• Glycogen

Question 14

Digestion of food

Answer 14

Carb-
1. Hydroylsis
2. breaks down

Protien-
1. Hydroylsis
2. breaks down

Fats-
1. Hydroylsis
2. Bile increases the surface of fats, to increase rate of reaction
3. breaks down