Organic Flashcards
Alkene to alkane
Add H2 and a nickel catalyst, 150˚C
Alkene to alcohol
Hydration with H2SO4 catalyst, heat and pressure.
Economic importance of reactions of alkenes (3)
Hydrogenation of vegetable oils for margarine, hydration of ethene for ethanol, polymerisation for plastics
Geometrical isomers
Molecules with restricted rotation due to a double bond or cycloalkane ring, resulting in cis-trans isomerism.
General conditions for a condensation reaction
Double ended functional group, warm with sulfuric acid
Reactants for nylon
1,6-diaminohexane and hexandioic acid
Racemic mixture
Mixtures with equimolar amounts of each enantiomer
Stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but with different arrangements of atoms in space.
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Reactants for terylene
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane-1,2-diol
Mechanism for halogenation of alkanes + steps (3)
Free radical substitution: initiation, propagation, termination.
Primary alcohol to aldehyde.
Oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate, then use fractional distillation.
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
Oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate, and hat under reflux.
Tertiary halogenoalkane to alcohol.
Warm with NaOH - SN1.
Primary halogenoalkane to alcohol
Warm with NaOH - SN2.
