Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Drugs and medicine > Flashcards

Drugs and medicine Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Effects of excess caffeine consumption (3)

A

Insomnia
Anxiety
Diuretic effects (increase in urine output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathomimetic drug

A

Mimics the effects of adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alginates

A

Provides a neutralising layer on top of stomach juices to prevent acid reflux (which causes heartburn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dimethicone

A

Anti-foaming agent, which prevents bloatedness and flatulence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differences between viruses and bacteria (3)

A

Viruses have no cell wall
Viruses have no cytoplasm
Viruses are much smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How antivirals work (2)

A

Prevent viruses from leaving cells after reproduction

Stops virus replication by altering genetic material in the host cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Difficulties with the HIV problem (4)

A

HIV mutates rapidly
HIV metabolism linked to that of the host cell
AIDS drugs expensive
Sociocultural issues like lack of education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Combinatorial chemistry (4)

A

Automated process reacts a small number of components with a variety of reagents.
The process uses the mix and split technique, and the compounds are attached to resin beads (solid phase chemistry).
Produces a combinatorial library of different but related compounds.
Compounds are then tested for biological effectiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parallel synthesis (2)

A

Produces smaller, more focused library.

Can be scaled up to production levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Short term effects of THC (3)

A

Loss of sense of time
Mild hallucinogen
Synergistic effect with depressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long term effects of THC (3)

A

Apathy
Lethargy
Loss of fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Arguments for weed (3)

A

Medical use in pain relief for cancer
Personal freedom
Frees police to deal with more serious crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arguments against weed (3)

A

Harmful effects e.g lung cancer
Users may move onto more damaging drugs
Reduces the ability to drive safely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of a medicine/drug (3)

A

Any chemical that alters:
The physiological state, including consciousness, activity level or coordination.
Incoming sensory sensations
Alters mood or emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The placebo effect

A

the therapeutic effect of an inert substance on the body – the body is fooled into healing itself naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Side effects

A

wanted physiological effects of a drug or medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tolerance

A

When an increased dose of the drug is required to achieve the same effect– dosage may exceed safe amounts

18
Q

Methods of administering drugs (4)

A

Oral
Inhalation
Rectal
Parenteral

19
Q

Types of injection (3)

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous

20
Q

Mild analgesic

A

Function by intercepting the pain stimulus at the source, by interfering with the production of substances (e.g prostaglandins) that cause pain.

21
Q

Strong analgesics

A

Temporarily bonding to receptor sites in the brain, preventing the transmission of pain impulses without depressing the central nervous system.

22
Q

Advantages of aspirin (2)

A

Reduces fever and inflammation.

Prevents recurrence of heart attacks and strokes

23
Q

Disadvantages of Aspirin (3)

A

Stomach ulcers and stomach bleeding
Reye’s syndrome
Allergic reaction

24
Q

Paracetamol advantages (2)

A

Does not have the disadvantages of aspirin

Safe in correct dose

25
Q

Paracetamol disadvantage (2)

A

Blood disorders and kidney damage

Overdose can lead to liver/brain damage.

26
Q

Short term effects of opiates (4)

A

Feeling of euphoria and pain relief
Depresses the nervous system
Cough reflect inhibited
Nausea and vomiting

27
Q

Long term effects of opiates (4)

A

Constipation
Increase or decrease in weight
Loss of libido
Social problems (e.g theft/prostitution)

28
Q

Depressants (4) + examples (3)

A 
At low doses, little or no effect.
At moderate doses, sedation.
At higher doses, sleep. 
At extreme doses, death. 
e.g Valium, Megaton, Prozac
29
Q

Social and physiological effects of ethanol abuse (4)

A

Increased aggressiveness and hostility when intoxicated
Long term deterioration of relationships
Decrease in general performance
Road accidents

30
Q

Synergistic effect of ethanol (2)

A

Increased risk of stomach bleeding with aspirin

Depresses the CNS so increases risk of heavy sedation.

31
Q

Short term effects of ethanol (4)

A

Feeling of relaxation and confidence
Feeling of warmth due to vasodilation
Judgment and concentration impaired
Vomiting and loss of consciousness

32
Q

Long term effects of ethanol (3)

A

Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
Increased risk of coronary heart disease
Foetal abnormalities for pregnant women

33
Q

Stimulants (4)

A

Increase the heart rate and blood pressure
Increase the activity of the CNS
Increase glucose levels in the blood
Increased alertness

34
Q

Short term effects of nicotine (3)

A

Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Reduction in urine output

35
Q

Long term effects of nicotine (3)

A

Risk of coronary thrombosis
Risk of heart disease
Risks from smoking tobacco e.g lung cancer

36
Q

Chiral auxiliary

A

A chiral compound which we can use to make a reaction follow a certain path. We can then remove and recycle the auxiliary to leave behind the desired enantiomer.

37
Q

Effects of LSD (3)

A

Extreme hallucinations
Permanent effect of ‘flashbacks’
Decreased judgment

38
Q

Effects of psilocybin (4)

A

Mildly hallucinogenic
Feelings of exhilaration/insight
Reduction in appetite
Insomnia

39
Q

Effects of mescaline (4)

A

Hallucinations
Reduction in appetite
Insomnia
Liver damage

40
Q

Therapeutic window

A

Range of dosages, able to treat the disease successfully, that stay within the safety limit

Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions