Organic

Question 1

What is a free radical

Answer 1

Any species with an unpaired electron

Question 2

what is it called when covalent bond splits giving an electron to each

Answer 2

Homolytic fission

Question 3

What is the first stage of free radical substitution

Answer 3

Initiation

Question 4

Four stages of free radical substitution

Answer 4

Initiation
Propagation 1
Propagation 2
Termination

Question 5

What acts as the electrophile in electrophillic addition of addition of halogens

Answer 5

The halogen ion

Question 6

What happens when both electrons go to the bromide ion

Answer 6

Heterolytic fission

Question 7

When can both a major and minor product be formed during electrophilic addition

Answer 7

When addition of hydrogen halides

Question 8

When can only one product be made during electrophillic addition

Answer 8

Addition of a halogen

Question 9

What is a nucleophile

Answer 9

A line pair donator

Question 10

What do all nucleophiles have

Answer 10

A lone pair of electrons

Question 11

What is produced at the end of nucleophilic substitution

Answer 11

Alcohol

Question 12

What are the two product made during nucleophilic substitution

Answer 12

Alcohol and halogen ion

Question 13

What acts as the nucleophile in nucleophilic substitution

Answer 13

hydroxide ion

Specifically the line electron pair on oxygen

Question 14

what are the conditions of the hydrolysis of a halogenolkane through nucleophilic substitution

Answer 14

Ethanol (solubilises halogenalkane)
Aqueous hydroxide ions

Question 15

what is the reaction and conditions turns halogenoalkanes to alkene

Answer 15

concentrated alcoholic KOH (potassium hydroxide)

hot

elimination

Question 16

what reaction and conditions form diol from an alkene

Answer 16

oxidation

dilute acidified potassium manganate

room temp

Question 17

temp and pressure to crack alkanes

Answer 17

70 atm

450-750

Question 18

what is the mechanism of turning an alkene into a halogenoalkane

Answer 18

electrophilic addition

Question 19

what is used to form a di-halogenoalkane from an alkene

Answer 19

halogen

Question 20

what is the conditions to turn an alkene into an alcohol

Answer 20

reagent= steam

H3PO4 / phosphoric acid

Question 21

what is the name of the process of turning an alkene into and alcohol

Answer 21

hydration

Question 22

what is needed in the catalytic cracking of long chain alkanes

Answer 22

high temp/500

zeolite

Question 23

what is the reagent to turn halogenoalkanes into alcohols and what is the reaction name

Answer 23

alcoholic KOH

nucleophilic substitution

Question 24

what is the reaction to turn a halogenoalkane into a nitrile

Answer 24

nucleophilic substitution

Question 25

what is the reaction and reagent to turn a halogenoalkane into a nitrile

Answer 25

aqueous/alcoholic KCN nucleophilic substitution

Question 26

what are the conditions and name of the process to turn alkenes into halogenoalkanes

Answer 26

hydrogen halide electrophilic addition

Question 27

what is the name and conditions to turn an alkane into a halogenoalkane

Answer 27

chlorine or bromine UV light free radical substitution

Question 28

what is the process of turning a halogenoalkane into an amine called

Answer 28

nucleophilic substitution

Question 29

what is the reagent to turn halogenoalkanes into amines

Answer 29

Xs concentrated ammonia