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A-level physical chemistry > 4C chemical analysis > Flashcards

4C chemical analysis Flashcards

1
Q

obsevb sodium hydroxide test on copper ions

A

blue precipitate

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

What color flame is produced by lithium ions?

A

Crimson red

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4
Q

Which ion produces a yellow flame during a flame test?

A

Sodium ions

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5
Q

True or False: Barium ions produce a green flame.

A

True

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The flame test is used to identify _______ in a sample.

A

metal ions

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7
Q

What color flame does potassium ions produce?

A

Lilac

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8
Q

What is the purpose of adding sodium hydroxide to a solution when testing for ions?

A

To precipitate metal hydroxides

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9
Q

Which metal ion produces a blue precipitate with sodium hydroxide?

A

Copper(II) ions

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10
Q

What is the color of the precipitate formed when iron(II) ions react with sodium hydroxide?

A

Green

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11
Q

True or False: Calcium ions produce a white precipitate with sodium hydroxide.

A

False

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12
Q

What color precipitate do aluminum ions form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

White

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13
Q

Which ion is indicated by a red-brown precipitate with sodium hydroxide?

A

Iron(III) ions

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14
Q

When testing for ammonium ions, what is the expected result after adding sodium hydroxide and heating?

A

A pungent gas (ammonia) is released

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15
Q

True or False: Silver ions produce a yellow precipitate with sodium hydroxide.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the color of the precipitate formed when lead(II) ions react with sodium hydroxide?

A

White

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The test for carbonate ions involves adding an acid to produce _______.

A

carbon dioxide

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18
Q

What color precipitate is formed when zinc ions react with sodium hydroxide?

A

White

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19
Q

Which ion produces a white precipitate that dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide?

A

Zinc ions

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20
Q

What gas is evolved when hydrochloric acid is added to carbonate ions?

A

Carbon dioxide

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21
Q

What is the appearance of a copper(II) hydroxide precipitate?

A

Blue

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22
Q

True or False: A flame test can be used to identify non-metal ions.

A

False

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23
Q

What color flame is produced by strontium ions?

A

Crimson red

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24
Q

What test can be used to confirm the presence of sulfate ions?

A

Adding barium chloride to form a white precipitate

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25
Q

Which ion produces a white precipitate with barium chloride?

A

Sulfate ions

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: The flame test is not effective for identifying _______ ions.

A

alkaline earth metal

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27
Q

What is the first step in conducting a flame test?

A

Clean the wire loop with hydrochloric acid

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28
Q

True or False: The color of the flame is specific to each metal ion.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the observation when dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution containing carbonate ions?

A

Effervescence due to the release of carbon dioxide gas.

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30
Q

True or False: Barium chloride (BaCl2) can be used to test for sulfate ions.

A

True.

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31
Q

What color precipitate forms when barium chloride is added to a solution containing sulfate ions?

A

A white precipitate of barium sulfate (BaSO4) forms.

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32
Q

Fill in the blank: The test for chloride ions involves adding _________ to the solution.

A

Silver nitrate (AgNO3).

33
Q

What is the observation when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing chloride ions?

A

A white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) forms.

34
Q

What is the test for identifying the presence of ammonium ions?

A

Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and gently heat the solution; a pungent gas (ammonia) is released.

35
Q

What color flame indicates the presence of lithium ions?

A

A crimson red flame.

36
Q

Which ion produces a yellow flame during a flame test?

A

Sodium ions (Na+).

37
Q

What is the observation when adding dilute HCl to a solution containing sulfite ions?

A

Effervescence due to the release of sulfur dioxide gas.

38
Q

True or False: A blue solution indicates the presence of copper(II) ions.

A

True.

39
Q

What precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing iron(III) ions?

A

A reddish-brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) forms.

40
Q

What is the observation when barium chloride is added to a solution containing carbonate ions?

A

No visible change; barium carbonate is insoluble.

41
Q

Which test is used to confirm the presence of nitrate ions?

A

Brown ring test using iron(II) sulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid.

42
Q

What gas is released when dilute HCl is added to a solution containing metal carbonates?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.

43
Q

What is the observation for a solution containing phosphate ions when treated with ammonium molybdate?

A

A yellow precipitate of ammonium phosphomolybdate forms.

44
Q

What color is the precipitate formed when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing bromide ions?

A

A pale yellow precipitate of silver bromide (AgBr) forms.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The test for iron(II) ions involves adding _________ to the solution.

A

Potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]).

46
Q

What is the observation when potassium ferricyanide is added to a solution containing iron(II) ions?

A

A blue precipitate of Turnbull’s blue (ferrous ferricyanide) forms.

47
Q

What happens when you add dilute HCl to a solution of lead(II) ions?

A

No visible reaction occurs.

48
Q

True or False: The addition of ammonium hydroxide can confirm the presence of zinc ions.

A

True.

49
Q

What color precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing aluminum ions?

A

A white precipitate of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) forms.

50
Q

What is the observation when a solution containing iodide ions is treated with chlorine water?

A

A brown color develops due to the formation of iodine.

51
Q

What is the purpose of adding dilute nitric acid before the silver nitrate test for halides?

A

To remove any carbonate ions that could interfere with the test.

52
Q

What is the test for detecting the presence of magnesium ions in solution?

A

Addition of sodium hydroxide, resulting in a white precipitate of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).

53
Q

What is the observation when a solution containing sulfide ions is treated with dilute HCl?

A

The release of hydrogen sulfide gas, which has a characteristic rotten egg smell.

54
Q

What is the test for bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)?

A

Add dilute acid; effervescence indicates the presence of HCO3-.

55
Q

What gas is produced when bicarbonate ions react with dilute acid?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced.

56
Q

True or False: Ammonium ions (NH4+) can be tested by adding sodium hydroxide and heating.

A

True.

57
Q

What is the observable result when ammonium ions are present after heating with sodium hydroxide?

A

The production of ammonia gas, which has a characteristic pungent smell.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The test for sulfate ions (SO4 2-) involves adding _______ to a solution.

A

Barium chloride.

59
Q

What is the visible result of a positive test for sulfate ions?

A

A white precipitate of barium sulfate (BaSO4) forms.

60
Q

Which ion can be detected by the formation of a white precipitate when treated with barium chloride?

A

Sulfate ions (SO4 2-).

61
Q

What is the chemical reaction occurring when bicarbonate ions react with an acid?

A

HCO3- + H+ → CO2 + H2O.

62
Q

True or False: Ammonium ions do not produce a smell when heated with sodium hydroxide.

A

False.

63
Q

What color is the precipitate formed when barium sulfate is produced?

A

White.

64
Q

What indicates the presence of ammonium ions in a solution?

A

The smell of ammonia gas after heating with sodium hydroxide.

65
Q

When testing for sulfate ions, what is the role of barium chloride?

A

It reacts with sulfate ions to form a white precipitate.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The test for bicarbonate involves observing ________.

A

Effervescence.

67
Q

What does the effervescence in the bicarbonate test indicate?

A

The release of carbon dioxide gas.

68
Q

Which reagent is used to test for ammonium ions?

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

69
Q

Describe the procedure to test for sulfate ions.

A

Add barium chloride to the solution and look for a white precipitate.

70
Q

True or False: The presence of HCO3- can be confirmed by the formation of a gas upon reaction with an acid.

A

True.

71
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonium ions?

A

NH4+.

72
Q

What is formed when barium sulfate precipitates?

A

A solid that can be filtered out from the solution.

73
Q

What is the significance of the smell of ammonia in the ammonium test?

A

It confirms the presence of ammonium ions.

74
Q

What is the first step in testing for sulfate ions?

A

Add barium chloride to the solution.

75
Q

True or False: The presence of sulfate ions can be confirmed without any visible change.

A

False.

76
Q

What happens to the solution when bicarbonate ions are present?

A

It produces bubbles due to the release of carbon dioxide.

77
Q

What is the result of adding barium chloride to a solution containing sulfate ions?

A

A white precipitate of barium sulfate forms.

78
Q

What is the test for the presence of bicarbonate ions?

A

Add a dilute acid and observe for effervescence.

A-level physical chemistry (8 decks)

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