Organic 1: Introduction

Question 1

define empirical formula

Answer 1

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

define molecular formula

Answer 2

gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

define displayed formula

Answer 3

shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

define structural formula

Answer 4

shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

define skeletal formula

Answer 5

drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

suffix for no double bonds

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

suffix for at least one double bond

Answer 7

-ene

Question 8

suffix for an alcohol

Answer 8

-ol

Question 9

suffix for an aldehyde

Answer 9

-al

Question 10

suffix for a ketone

Answer 10

-one

Question 11

suffix for carboxylic acid

Answer 11

-oic acid

Question 12

prefix for one carbon in carbon chain

Answer 12

meth-

Question 13

prefix for two carbon in carbon chain

Answer 13

eth-

Question 14

prefix for three carbon in carbon chain

Answer 14

prop-

Question 15

prefix for four carbon in carbon chain

Answer 15

but-

Question 16

prefix for five carbon in carbon chain

Answer 16

pent-

Question 17

prefix for Cl group

Answer 17

chloro-

Question 18

prefix for Br group

Answer 18

bromo-

Question 19

prefix for I group

Answer 19

iodo-

Question 20

define structural isomerism

Answer 20

when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 21

what is positional isomerism?

Answer 21

functional group is attached to main chain at different place

Question 22

what is functional group isomerism

Answer 22

same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 23

what is chain isomerism?

Answer 23

hydrocarbon chain organised differently

Question 24

define stereoisomerism

Answer 24

when molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 25

what is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

Answer 25

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, is it a Z (zusammen) isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer