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Cell Biology > Organelles of the Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

Organelles of the Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

single lipid bilayer organelles

A

endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth & rough), & golgi complex

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2
Q

double lipid bilayer organelles

A

nucleus, mitochondria, & chloroplasts

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3
Q

endosome

A

take up soluble macromolecules from cell exterior, delivers to lysosomes for degredation

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4
Q

lysosome

A

acidic organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases); found only in animal cells

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5
Q

autophagy

A

degregation of aged organelles/cell components by lysosome

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6
Q

endocytosis

A

uptake of small proteins/soluble macromolecules by cell for degredation

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7
Q

phagocytosis

A

uptake of large insoluble particles (i.e. bacteria) by cell for degredation

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8
Q

peroxisome

A

degrade fatty acids and other toxic compounds; contain oxidases & catalyse

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9
Q

oxidase

A

enzyme that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize substances & from H2O2

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10
Q

catalyse

A

degrades H2O2 into H2O & O2 to detoxify cell

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11
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

important in the synthesis of lipids, membrane proteins, & secreted proteins

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12
Q

smooth ER

A

site of fatty acid/phospholipid synthesis; abundant in hepatocytes(liver cells)

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13
Q

rough ER

A

site of membrane, organelle, & secreted protein synthesis; membrane proteins remain with ER membrane while secreted proteins enter lumen; has attached ribosomes (protein builders)

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14
Q

golgi complex

A

important in modification and redirection of proteins from ER; defined regions are cis, medial, & trans

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15
Q

process of golgi complex

A

vesicles from ER fuse to cis golgi, proteins move to medial then trans golgi while modified by specialized enzymes, vesicles bud from trans golgi & direct prteins to membrane, cell surface, or lysosomes

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16
Q

nucleus

A

outer lipid bilayer is continous with ER, space b/t bilayers with nuclear pores; holds DNA (chromosomes); different regions serve diff functions

17
Q

chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis & ATP generation; series of membranes called thylakoids; has own DNA

18
Q

mitochondria

A

has outer membrane, inner w/ invaginations (called crtisae) that pass into center (mitochondrial matrix), & inner membrane space b/t; has own DNA & ribosomes

Cell Biology (16 decks)

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